Exam 3: The History of Corrections in America

The infamous Attica prison riot that took place in September 1971 at New York State's Attica Correctional Facility aided and inspired the move toward a community corrections model.

Before the American Revolution, correctional philosophy was based on the idea of perfectibility.

During the Progressive Reform era, two main correctional strategies were implemented, which were improving conditions in social environments and .

In 1682, with the arrival of William Penn, Pennsylvania adopted the " ," which was based on humane Quaker principles and emphasized hard labor in a house of correction as punishment for most crimes.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young people who have committed crimes b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for people who have committed crimes d. Done by labor of incarcerated people e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates incarcerated people from society j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime -Positivist school

The congregate penitentiary system was more concerned with instilling good work habits to prevent a relapse into crime than with the character of a person who had committed a crime.

has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an incarcerated individual to obtain marks toward early release.

Progressives implemented probation, , and parole throughout the United States.

The penitentiary system of incarceration called for people who had committed crimes to be held in isolation at night but to work with other incarcerated people during the day under a rule of silence.

A is an institution that is created for young people who have committed a crime that emphasizes education and training, a mark system of classification, parole, and indeterminate sentences.

The first institution to embody the principles of the Cincinnati Prison Congress was .

The were a group that looked to the social, economic, biological, and psychological rather than religious or moral explanations for the causes of crime.

The Pennsylvania system of corrections was based on Quaker ideas.

The medical model of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by social, psychological, or biological deficiencies that require .

Incarceration, in the tradition of the early English workhouse, developed in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolutionary War.

The penitentiary was to be a place where .

The ideas of classification, parole, and rehabilitative programs were first created and put into practice at the Elmira Reformatory for boys.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young people who have committed crimes b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for people who have committed crimes d. Done by labor of incarcerated people e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates incarcerated people from society j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime -Community corrections

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young people who have committed crimes b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for people who have committed crimes d. Done by labor of incarcerated people e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates incarcerated people from society j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime -Congregate system

Discuss the importance that the state of Pennsylvania played within the correctional system.