Exam 2: The Early History of Correctional Thought and Practice

The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society?

Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds?

The founder of the classical school of criminology is Cesare Beccaria, who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system.

Corrections philosophies reflect the vision and concerns of the community at large.

For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment?

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment -Classical criminology

The and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable.

In Brixton Prison, women were not compelled to work under rules of silence during major portions of the day.

Describe the social movements leading up to the establishment of the first houses of correction. How did these changes lead the development of the prison system?

One example of corporal punishment is .

Two panopticon-type prisons were constructed in the United Kingdom.

The was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth.

According to scholars, the Enlightenment was a reaction against feudal and __________ traditions.

and death have been used throughout history; the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries in Great Britain and Europe were particularly brutal.

Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent in the future.

Until the late Middle Ages, prisons were used primarily to detain people awaiting trial.

The period known as the was a cultural movement in England and France during the 1700s, when concepts of liberalism, rationality, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking.

___________________ refers to the practice of moving individuals convicted of crimes from the community to another region or land, often a penal colony.

Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles?

The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as .