Exam 3: The History of Corrections in America

What societal factors led to the crime control model of corrections? What kind of societal factors do you think might help bring about a transition to a different model in the near future, and what might such a model look like?

The Pennsylvania system focused on the isolation of convicted individuals and on serving penance.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young people who have committed crimes b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for people who have committed crimes d. Done by labor of incarcerated people e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates incarcerated people from society j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime -Crime control model

The original penitentiary relied on penance and contemplation as the means for the person who had committed a crime to move from sin toward perfection.

In 1929, Congress authorized the new Federal Bureau of Prisons to develop institutions that were well suited to the of incarcerated people.

English trends and practices greatly influenced American corrections.

The model of corrections emphasizes a punitive approach to corrections, including strict sentencing requirements.

Immediately following the Civil War, the system of corrections permitted imprisoned people to be loaned to private contractors who provided them with food and clothing in exchange for their labor.

The nature and practices of corrections relate to environment. What kinds of conditions were prevalent in the South after the Civil War, and how did this landscape affect corrections?

Discuss the historical development of parole and indeterminate sentencing.

The Auburn system focused on a congregate system of operations.

The American penitentiary was first conceptualized by .

The Cincinnati Declaration of Principles advocated a philosophy of reformation followed by release.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young people who have committed crimes b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for people who have committed crimes d. Done by labor of incarcerated people e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates incarcerated people from society j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime -Lease system

The positivist school looked to free will and rational thought as the reason for crime.

The was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each prison resident was held in isolation from other prison residents.

The first two decades of the 1900s, referred to as the , set the dominant tone for U.S. social thought and political action through the 1960s.

Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by .

Are any of the concepts of the Pennsylvania or New York systems of corrections still used in prisons today? If so, how, and if not, why not?

The approach to criminology is based on the assumption that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior.