Exam 3: The History of Corrections in America

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young people who have committed crimes b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for people who have committed crimes d. Done by labor of incarcerated people e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates incarcerated people from society j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime -Medical model

Convict labor for profit became an essential part of the Pennsylvania penitentiary system throughout the early 1800s.

The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the system of corrections.

Identify the central ideas that guided the Progressive prison reforms. What did the Progressives see as errors in corrections methods of the past, and how did they intend to correct them?

Progressives wanted to know the of a person who had committed a crime so that they could devise an individualized treatment program.

After the Civil War, southern legislatures passed the , harsh laws designed to control newly freed African Americans.

The "congregate" system of prison discipline was first instituted at the .

In specific terms, how do you think advocates of the community model reacted to the Attica prison riots in a way that strengthened their ideas about community corrections?

The Progressives thought it necessary to know the life history of each person who committed a crime in order to devise an appropriate treatment plan for that specific individual.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young people who have committed crimes b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for people who have committed crimes d. Done by labor of incarcerated people e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates incarcerated people from society j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime -An institution intended to isolate people who have committed a crime from society and one another so that they can reflect on their misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation is called a .

Although conceptualized by early English reformers, the penitentiary first appeared in the United States in the city of , when part of the Walnut Street Jail was converted to allow for separate confinement.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young people who have committed crimes b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for people who have committed crimes d. Done by labor of incarcerated people e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates incarcerated people from society j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime -Penitentiary

The Pennsylvania system began with a penitentiary system based on .

Although the idea of had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States.

Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives?

The refers to an institution intended to isolate incarcerated people from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation.

Separate confinement was first implemented in .

Americans followed the European practice of relying on brutal forms of corporal punishment until the early 1900s.

The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement?

During the colonial period, most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from and adapted to local conditions.