Exam 2: The Early History of Correctional Thought and Practice

Suppose you are an unskilled urban laborer in 18th-century England convicted of robbery, and you are sentenced to be transported to the American colonies. Describe what you might be able to expect in your new life there, as compared to the one you left behind.

People who were transported to Botany Bay in Australia as punishment were kept in cages for most of the months- long journey.

Forced rowing of large ships or galleys is called benefit of clergy.

was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment.

Benefit of clergy was extended to .

The principle that punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense is called .

The school of criminology views behavior as stemming from free will.

On the eve of reform, economic and social factors, particularly concerning labor, began to reshape the nature of penal sanctions in England.

Panopticons were constructed in England but not in France and Ireland.

Name the 18th-century scholar who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment -Secular law

Response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the century.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment -Utilitarianism

The law which is distinguished from church law is called .

People of a crime have a right to speedy trials and to humane treatment before trial.

Suppose you are a feudal landowner in the Middle Ages, and one of your tenants has been found guilty of stealing from you. What rights would you have in determining the tenant's punishment, and what rights would the tenant have? How would the situation differ if the tenant were another feudal lord like yourself?

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment -Lex talionis

The forced rowing of large ships as a form of early punishment was known as .

From 1718 to 1776, an estimated 52,200 English men and women were shipped to the American colonies as punishment for criminal activities.

Because punishment was considered a powerful general __________, authorities from the 16th to the 18th centuries in Europe carried out sanctions in the market square for all to see.