Exam 2: The Early History of Correctional Thought and Practice

The Enlightenment proposed which of the following ideas for correctional reform?

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment -Enlightenment

A house of was a detention facility that combined the major elements of the workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the incarcerated individuals and setting them to work.

Scholars point to the __________ as the first comprehensive statement of prohibited behaviors and the punishments for each.

Suppose you are a civil judge in England in the late 18th century who has read Cesare Beccaria's book On Crimes and Punishments and become convinced of the principles defended in it. Describe how your outlook might affect your philosophy of sentencing, particularly as compared with what might be typical for the time.

refers to punishment inflicted on the convicted person's body with whips or other devices that cause pain.

Beccaria set forth six principles on which his reforms were based.

The term , used to describe a house of correction, was first used during the 16th century in England.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment -Galley slavery

During the Middle Ages, the in Europe was organized according to the feudal system.

By the year 1200, a system of wergild, or payment of money as compensation, had developed in England as a way for the king to collect additional resources from the citizens.

The doctrine that the aim of all action should be the greatest balance of pleasure over pain and that a punishment inflicted on an individual who committed a crime must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain is called .

The founder of the classical school of criminology was .

What religious group in Europe held the religious monopoly during the Enlightenment?

Eventually all people in the Middle Ages could claim benefit of clergy, protection from secular prosecution by the church.

Secular law is often referred to as the law of society.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment -Benefit of clergy

The term Bridewell House came to be used for some specific versions of the English house of correction.

Imagine you are an 18th-century corrections administrator and a follower of the ideas of John Howard. Describe your design of an ideal prison.

was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons.