Exam 4: Learning Memory

Consumers' attraction to slot machines can be explained by the variable-ratio reinforcement schedule the machines use.

As May-Lee considers her purchase of shoes, she shifts back and forth between thinking about claims made by different brands, remembering what she has seen, and considering her emotional responses to various brands. Which term describes what May-Lee is doing?

Instrumental conditioning is also called classical conditioning.

Encoding is when consumers access desired information from their memory.

Conditioning effects are more likely to occur after the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli have been paired a number of times.

Within a knowledge structure, which of the following is the LEAST complex knowledge unit?

During free recall tests consumers are asked to independently think of what they have seen without being prompted for this information first.

What type of learning theory emphasizes that people are problem solvers who actively use information from the world around them to master the environment?

________ refers to the tendency people have to react to stimuli similar to an original stimulus in a classical conditioning situation in much the same way they responded to the original stimulus.

If a woman receives compliments after wearing Obsession perfume, she is more likely to keep buying the product and wearing it. What type of instrumental conditioning has occurred in the situation?

When Pavlov's famous dog responded to a bell signaling feeding time, Pavlov demonstrated classical conditioning.

John Deere established a reputation for building dependable farm tractors. When the company began to build small yard tractors, it insisted on using the same logo on its small mowers as on its large tractors. John Deere was applying stimulus generalization through look-alike packaging.

A woman no longer receives compliments on the perfume she wears. In learning terms, the stimulus-response connection has weakened. Which of the following terms best describes the situation?

Behavioral theorists rely on internal mental states to explain learning.

Define learning.

If a conditioned stimulus is only occasionally matched with an unconditioned stimulus, the association between the two will become weakened. This is called ________.

Melissa knows that when she goes to the dentist she must make an appointment, show up on time, bring proof of insurance, and have her teeth cleaned before any other dental services will be performed. With respect to her visit to the dentist, Melissa has learned a schema known as a(n) ________.

Explain how instrumental conditioning works.

Which type of reinforcement best characterizes what an individual would typically experience while fishing?

Gradually changing the package of a product that depends heavily on brand loyalty can be successful if each change is minor. Over the course of a year or more the package may change totally in appearance without offending or confusing brand loyal customers. What factors contribute to forgetting to allow this marketing strategy?