Question 1

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the information-processing approach to understanding cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

The information-processing approach to u

Question 2

Explain what is meant by infantile amnesia, and discuss two contemporary cognitive explanations for this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia refers to the inabilit

Question 3

Which type of event memory is the earliest to develop?

Accepted Answer

A) strategic 
B) autobiographical 
C) nonverbal rehearsed 
D) deferred imitation 
A) strategic 
B) autobiographical 
C) nonverbal rehearsed 
D) deferred imitation

Question 4

Mikhail is 6 years old and loves to play adventure video games, even though he finds some of them quite difficult.Yesterday, his older brother taught him how to help the hero escape when she was swallowed by a monster.Even though Mikhail has been shown what to do, he still forgets to apply this information and he loses the game.Mikhail's behaviour exemplifies which type of deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) rehearsal 
B) production 
C) utilization 
D) apprehension 
A) rehearsal 
B) production 
C) utilization 
D) apprehension

Question 5

Suppose that your child was kidnapped and has been returned home.You fear that he or she may have been abused, but are not sure.You've read that false memories may be implanted by the method of questioning a child.What would be the best way to find out the truth of what occurred?

Accepted Answer

This situation ties in to the controvers

Question 6

Jaylene is a 2-year-old toddler.Although she knows that she should not touch her mother's books, she cannot seem to stop herself from doing so, despite the fact that she has been scolded on numerous occasions.How would an information theorist account for Jaylene's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) She lacks verbatim tracing. 
B) She is executing a predominant response. 
C) She has repressed her predominant response. 
D) She lacks attentional tracing. 
A) She lacks verbatim tracing. 
B) She is executing a predominant response. 
C) She has repressed her predominant response. 
D) She lacks attentional tracing.

Question 7

Suppose that a preschool teacher wants to train her children to use analogies.She reads stories to the students to help them to learn.As a good researcher, she reads the stories to only half of her class in order to see if her training works.What would you expect the teacher to discover?

Accepted Answer

A) The two groups of children will not differ, because preschool children have not developed the capacity for analogical reasoning. 
B) The children she read the stories to will do better than those to whom she did not read the stories. 
C) The two groups of children will not differ, and both will perform well. 
D) The children she read the stories to will do worse than the children to whom she didn't read the stories. 
A) The two groups of children will not differ, because preschool children have not developed the capacity for analogical reasoning. 
B) The children she read the stories to will do better than those to whom she did not read the stories. 
C) The two groups of children will not differ, and both will perform well. 
D) The children she read the stories to will do worse than the children to whom she didn't read the stories.

Question 8

Younger children are suggestible in part because of a tendency to encode which type of information?

Accepted Answer

A) verbatim 
B) gist 
C) irrelevant 
D) schema 
A) verbatim 
B) gist 
C) irrelevant 
D) schema

Question 9

According to connectionist models, what is the order of acquisition of the rules of the past tense in English?

Accepted Answer

A) acquiring a rule, memorization, learning exceptions 
B) memorization, learning exceptions, acquiring a rule 
C) acquiring a rule, learning exceptions, memorization 
D) memorization, acquiring a rule, learning exceptions 
A) acquiring a rule, memorization, learning exceptions 
B) memorization, learning exceptions, acquiring a rule 
C) acquiring a rule, learning exceptions, memorization 
D) memorization, acquiring a rule, learning exceptions

Question 10

How do connectionist theorists view the brain, as compared to the information-processing processing perspective?

Accepted Answer

Connectionist theorists view the brain a

Question 11

Given that a child has a production deficiency, what intervention strategy would be most useful to improve his or her performance?

Accepted Answer

A) Counsel the child to adapt to her or his learning disability. 
B) Give encouragement to raise her or his self-esteem. 
C) Teach him or her a more appropriate problem-solving strategy. 
D) Redirect his or her efforts to less-difficult problems. 
A) Counsel the child to adapt to her or his learning disability. 
B) Give encouragement to raise her or his self-esteem. 
C) Teach him or her a more appropriate problem-solving strategy. 
D) Redirect his or her efforts to less-difficult problems.

Question 12

What is represented by the number of rapidly presented, unrelated items that can be recalled in the exact order of presentation?

Accepted Answer

A) the capacity of our sensory registers 
B) our memory span 
C) the capacity of long-term store 
D) our working-memory span 
A) the capacity of our sensory registers 
B) our memory span 
C) the capacity of long-term store 
D) our working-memory span

Question 13

Molly adds 3 + 3 in the following manner: "1, 2, 3" and then "4, 5, 6." Which method of addition is Mollie using?

Accepted Answer

A) decomposition 
B) sum 
C) min 
D) finger 
A) decomposition 
B) sum 
C) min 
D) finger

Question 14

What is a memory script?

Accepted Answer

A) schemes for certain experiences that preserve the ordering and causal relations among the events 
B) memories of particular events that we have personally experienced 
C) metamemory strategies for effectively retrieving information from the long-term store 
D) metamemory strategies for effectively organizing information to be remembered 
A) schemes for certain experiences that preserve the ordering and causal relations among the events 
B) memories of particular events that we have personally experienced 
C) metamemory strategies for effectively retrieving information from the long-term store 
D) metamemory strategies for effectively organizing information to be remembered

Question 15

Information-processing theorists draw an analogy between the operations of a computer and the workings of the human mind.According to this view, what is the mind's hardware?

Accepted Answer

A) the brain, the sensory receptors, and their neural connections 
B) the brain and the strategies the brain uses to solve problems 
C) the specific alleles that make up an individual's genotype that control the formation of neural connections 
D) the rules and strategies that specify how information is registered, interpreted, stored, retrieved, and analyzed 
A) the brain, the sensory receptors, and their neural connections 
B) the brain and the strategies the brain uses to solve problems 
C) the specific alleles that make up an individual's genotype that control the formation of neural connections 
D) the rules and strategies that specify how information is registered, interpreted, stored, retrieved, and analyzed

Question 16

Outline how the use of rehearsal, organization, and elaboration changes across childhood and adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The use of rehearsal, organization, and

Question 17

Which memory system maintains information in a relatively pure, unanalyzed form?

Accepted Answer

A) the sensory register 
B) the short-term store 
C) the long-term store 
D) the procedural register 
A) the sensory register 
B) the short-term store 
C) the long-term store 
D) the procedural register

Question 18

Suppose that an adult and a 9-year-old are playing a memory game, and the 9-year-old consistently wins the game.Is the superior performance of the 9-year-old typical?

Accepted Answer

A) No, it is quite unusual because of the greater relative memory capacity of adults. 
B) No, unless the adult is deliberately allowing the child to win. 
C) Yes, if the child has played the game more often and knows the game better. 
D) Yes, if the child has less knowledge of the game to interfere with his or her memory. 
A) No, it is quite unusual because of the greater relative memory capacity of adults. 
B) No, unless the adult is deliberately allowing the child to win. 
C) Yes, if the child has played the game more often and knows the game better. 
D) Yes, if the child has less knowledge of the game to interfere with his or her memory.

Question 19

What is meant by the term metacognition?

Accepted Answer

A) literal, verbatim traces of information 
B) the physical capacities of the various human information-processing systems 
C) imprecise encoding of information 
D) knowledge of one's cognitive abilities and processes that relate to thinking 
A) literal, verbatim traces of information 
B) the physical capacities of the various human information-processing systems 
C) imprecise encoding of information 
D) knowledge of one's cognitive abilities and processes that relate to thinking

Question 20

What is span of apprehension?

Accepted Answer

A) the number of items that can be kept in mind while being operated on mentally 
B) the amount of information that can be held in the long-term store 
C) the amount of information that the person does not attend to while problem solving 
D) the amount of information in the sensory store 
A) the number of items that can be kept in mind while being operated on mentally 
B) the amount of information that can be held in the long-term store 
C) the amount of information that the person does not attend to while problem solving 
D) the amount of information in the sensory store

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the information-processing approach to understanding cognitive development.

Explain what is meant by infantile amnesia, and discuss two contemporary cognitive explanations for this phenomenon.

Which type of event memory is the earliest to develop?

Suppose that your child was kidnapped and has been returned home.You fear that he or she may have been abused, but are not sure.You've read that false memories may be implanted by the method of questioning a child.What would be the best way to find out the truth of what occurred?

Jaylene is a 2-year-old toddler.Although she knows that she should not touch her mother's books, she cannot seem to stop herself from doing so, despite the fact that she has been scolded on numerous occasions.How would an information theorist account for Jaylene's behaviour?

Suppose that a preschool teacher wants to train her children to use analogies.She reads stories to the students to help them to learn.As a good researcher, she reads the stories to only half of her class in order to see if her training works.What would you expect the teacher to discover?

Younger children are suggestible in part because of a tendency to encode which type of information?

According to connectionist models, what is the order of acquisition of the rules of the past tense in English?

How do connectionist theorists view the brain, as compared to the information-processing processing perspective?

Given that a child has a production deficiency, what intervention strategy would be most useful to improve his or her performance?

What is represented by the number of rapidly presented, unrelated items that can be recalled in the exact order of presentation?

Molly adds 3 + 3 in the following manner: "1, 2, 3" and then "4, 5, 6." Which method of addition is Mollie using?

What is a memory script?

Information-processing theorists draw an analogy between the operations of a computer and the workings of the human mind.According to this view, what is the mind's hardware?

Outline how the use of rehearsal, organization, and elaboration changes across childhood and adolescence.

Which memory system maintains information in a relatively pure, unanalyzed form?

Suppose that an adult and a 9-year-old are playing a memory game, and the 9-year-old consistently wins the game.Is the superior performance of the 9-year-old typical?

What is meant by the term metacognition?

What is span of apprehension?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 9: Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the information-processing approach to understanding cognitive development.

Explain what is meant by infantile amnesia, and discuss two contemporary cognitive explanations for this phenomenon.

Which type of event memory is the earliest to develop?

Suppose that your child was kidnapped and has been returned home.You fear that he or she may have been abused, but are not sure.You've read that false memories may be implanted by the method of questioning a child.What would be the best way to find out the truth of what occurred?

Jaylene is a 2-year-old toddler.Although she knows that she should not touch her mother's books, she cannot seem to stop herself from doing so, despite the fact that she has been scolded on numerous occasions.How would an information theorist account for Jaylene's behaviour?

Suppose that a preschool teacher wants to train her children to use analogies.She reads stories to the students to help them to learn.As a good researcher, she reads the stories to only half of her class in order to see if her training works.What would you expect the teacher to discover?

Younger children are suggestible in part because of a tendency to encode which type of information?

According to connectionist models, what is the order of acquisition of the rules of the past tense in English?

How do connectionist theorists view the brain, as compared to the information-processing processing perspective?

Given that a child has a production deficiency, what intervention strategy would be most useful to improve his or her performance?

What is represented by the number of rapidly presented, unrelated items that can be recalled in the exact order of presentation?

Molly adds 3 + 3 in the following manner: "1, 2, 3" and then "4, 5, 6." Which method of addition is Mollie using?

What is a memory script?

Information-processing theorists draw an analogy between the operations of a computer and the workings of the human mind.According to this view, what is the mind's hardware?

Outline how the use of rehearsal, organization, and elaboration changes across childhood and adolescence.

Which memory system maintains information in a relatively pure, unanalyzed form?

Suppose that an adult and a 9-year-old are playing a memory game, and the 9-year-old consistently wins the game.Is the superior performance of the 9-year-old typical?

What is meant by the term metacognition?

What is span of apprehension?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters