Question 1

Which of the following best describes the strength of the heritability coefficient for most temperamental attributes?

Accepted Answer

A) It is weak. 
B) It is modest. 
C) It is strong. 
D) It is nonexistent. 
A) It is weak. 
B) It is modest. 
C) It is strong. 
D) It is nonexistent.

Question 2

Describe the research evidence regarding the attachment that infants form with their fathers, and indicate how it may differ from that with their mothers.

Accepted Answer

Research evidence suggests that infants

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the Japanese amae principle?

Accepted Answer

A) The infant has an innate sense of superiority. 
B) The infant is wary of strangers from birth. 
C) The infant feels totally dependent on its mother. 
D) The infant feels comfortable in crowded places. 
A) The infant has an innate sense of superiority. 
B) The infant is wary of strangers from birth. 
C) The infant feels totally dependent on its mother. 
D) The infant feels comfortable in crowded places.

Question 4

Suppose you read an article, and the author states: "Unlike diamonds, attachments are not forever." Would longitudinal research findings support this statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Partially, because secure attachments can become insecure if the responsiveness of the attachment figure deteriorates. 
B) Partially, because insecure attachments can become secure if the responsiveness of the attachment figure improves. 
C) No, because only attachments made in later childhood or adulthood can be modified. 
D) Yes, because attachments made in infancy can change if the responsiveness of the attachment figure changes markedly. 
A) Partially, because secure attachments can become insecure if the responsiveness of the attachment figure deteriorates. 
B) Partially, because insecure attachments can become secure if the responsiveness of the attachment figure improves. 
C) No, because only attachments made in later childhood or adulthood can be modified. 
D) Yes, because attachments made in infancy can change if the responsiveness of the attachment figure changes markedly.

Question 5

Children learn to suppress their emotions and display them with a more appropriate emotion according to societal rules.What have researchers found concerning the development of this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) There is limited ability to disguise true feelings by as early as 3 years of age. 
B) Boys are more skilled at complying with display rules. 
C) Only children in communal societies are motivated by a desire to maintain social harmony. 
D) Even preschoolers are particularly skilled at convincing others that their lies are true. 
A) There is limited ability to disguise true feelings by as early as 3 years of age. 
B) Boys are more skilled at complying with display rules. 
C) Only children in communal societies are motivated by a desire to maintain social harmony. 
D) Even preschoolers are particularly skilled at convincing others that their lies are true.

Question 6

Describe how the strange situation procedure is used to assess the security of an attachment relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the strange situation procedure is...

Question 7

According to Mary Ainsworth, how will a securely attached child behave in the strange-situation test?

Accepted Answer

A) He or she will continue to show signs of distress when the mother returns after a brief absence. 
B) He or she will play and explore new settings when the parent is present. 
C) He or she will not interact with the stranger. 
D) He or she will tend to be clingy and whiny when the mother returns after a brief absence. 
A) He or she will continue to show signs of distress when the mother returns after a brief absence. 
B) He or she will play and explore new settings when the parent is present. 
C) He or she will not interact with the stranger. 
D) He or she will tend to be clingy and whiny when the mother returns after a brief absence.

Question 8

Which one of the following researchers would be most likely to suggest that infants play an active role in the attachment process?

Accepted Answer

A) Harry Harlow 
B) Sigmund Freud 
C) John Bowlby 
D) Ivan Pavlov 
A) Harry Harlow 
B) Sigmund Freud 
C) John Bowlby 
D) Ivan Pavlov

Question 9

According to Mary Ainsworth, what type of attachment characterizes a child who shows no concern when a caregiver leaves the child's immediate environment, and then does not seem to notice the caregiver's return?

Accepted Answer

A) avoidant 
B) secure 
C) resistant 
D) inhibited 
A) avoidant 
B) secure 
C) resistant 
D) inhibited

Question 10

Cognitive-developmental theorists suggest that there is an important cognitive milestone that infants must reach before an attachment relationship can form.Describe this milestone.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive milestone that infants mus

Question 11

According to cognitive-developmental theorists, why do infants between 7 and 9 months of age begin to show evidence of attachment to a primary caregiver?

Accepted Answer

A) They have learned to associate the caregiver with nourishment. 
B) The caregiver is meeting the infants' need for the pleasure associated with oral activities. 
C) They have imprinted on the caregiver. 
D) Their scheme for object permanence has developed. 
A) They have learned to associate the caregiver with nourishment. 
B) The caregiver is meeting the infants' need for the pleasure associated with oral activities. 
C) They have imprinted on the caregiver. 
D) Their scheme for object permanence has developed.

Question 12

Which of the following forms of attachment is associated with mothers who can be affectionate but respond to their infants only when it suits them?

Accepted Answer

A) resistant 
B) avoidant 
C) inhibited 
D) secure 
A) resistant 
B) avoidant 
C) inhibited 
D) secure

Question 13

Which of the following best exemplifies the cognitive-developmental explanation for development of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A) Oral activities, such as sucking and eating, are reinforcing. 
B) The mother serves as a conditioned stimulus. 
C) Object permanence is acquired. 
D) Innate responses mature. 
A) Oral activities, such as sucking and eating, are reinforcing. 
B) The mother serves as a conditioned stimulus. 
C) Object permanence is acquired. 
D) Innate responses mature.

Question 14

Suppose an infant encounters a friendly person who is a stranger to him or her.Which of the following persons would be most likely to evoke a fear reaction in a 6- to 12-month-old infant?

Accepted Answer

A) an adult who offers a toy 
B) a preschool child who offers a toy 
C) an adult who picks up the infant to play or talk 
D) another infant who is crying 
A) an adult who offers a toy 
B) a preschool child who offers a toy 
C) an adult who picks up the infant to play or talk 
D) another infant who is crying

Question 15

Define the term social referencing, and describe how social referencing changes over the first two years after birth.

Accepted Answer

Social referencing is the process by whi

Question 16

Compare and contrast the ethological and cognitive-developmental viewpoints regarding attachment-related fears in infancy.

Accepted Answer

The ethological viewpoint regarding atta

Question 17

Explain what emotional display rules are, and identify two skills children must acquire in order to comply with emotional display rules.

Accepted Answer

Emotional display rules refer to the soc

Question 18

Which of the following forms of attachment is associated with mothers who are inconsistent caregivers?

Accepted Answer

A) resistant 
B) avoidant 
C) disorganized/disoriented 
D) secure 
A) resistant 
B) avoidant 
C) disorganized/disoriented 
D) secure

Question 19

Laren is 16 years old, and he tells you that he thinks that most people are dependable and caring, but that he doesn't feel worthy of the good things that happen to him.If you interpret Laren's comments using working-models theory, what would be his primary type of infant attachment?

Accepted Answer

A) avoidant 
B) disorganized 
C) resistant 
D) secure 
A) avoidant 
B) disorganized 
C) resistant 
D) secure

Question 20

Which of the following characterizes the developmental time course of wary reactions to strangers?

Accepted Answer

A) They emerge at about 2 months but disappear by the age of 12 months. 
B) They emerge at about 9 months and gradually increase in intensity through to 24 months. 
C) They peak at 8 to 10 months and then gradually decline in intensity. 
D) They peak at about 24 months and then rapidly decline in intensity. 
A) They emerge at about 2 months but disappear by the age of 12 months. 
B) They emerge at about 9 months and gradually increase in intensity through to 24 months. 
C) They peak at 8 to 10 months and then gradually decline in intensity. 
D) They peak at about 24 months and then rapidly decline in intensity.

Which of the following best describes the strength of the heritability coefficient for most temperamental attributes?

Describe the research evidence regarding the attachment that infants form with their fathers, and indicate how it may differ from that with their mothers.

Which of the following best describes the Japanese amae principle?

Suppose you read an article, and the author states: "Unlike diamonds, attachments are not forever." Would longitudinal research findings support this statement?

Children learn to suppress their emotions and display them with a more appropriate emotion according to societal rules.What have researchers found concerning the development of this behaviour?

Describe how the strange situation procedure is used to assess the security of an attachment relationship.

According to Mary Ainsworth, how will a securely attached child behave in the strange-situation test?

Which one of the following researchers would be most likely to suggest that infants play an active role in the attachment process?

According to Mary Ainsworth, what type of attachment characterizes a child who shows no concern when a caregiver leaves the child's immediate environment, and then does not seem to notice the caregiver's return?

Cognitive-developmental theorists suggest that there is an important cognitive milestone that infants must reach before an attachment relationship can form.Describe this milestone.

According to cognitive-developmental theorists, why do infants between 7 and 9 months of age begin to show evidence of attachment to a primary caregiver?

Which of the following forms of attachment is associated with mothers who can be affectionate but respond to their infants only when it suits them?

Which of the following best exemplifies the cognitive-developmental explanation for development of attachment?

Suppose an infant encounters a friendly person who is a stranger to him or her.Which of the following persons would be most likely to evoke a fear reaction in a 6- to 12-month-old infant?

Define the term social referencing, and describe how social referencing changes over the first two years after birth.

Compare and contrast the ethological and cognitive-developmental viewpoints regarding attachment-related fears in infancy.

Explain what emotional display rules are, and identify two skills children must acquire in order to comply with emotional display rules.

Which of the following forms of attachment is associated with mothers who are inconsistent caregivers?

Laren is 16 years old, and he tells you that he thinks that most people are dependable and caring, but that he doesn't feel worthy of the good things that happen to him.If you interpret Laren's comments using working-models theory, what would be his primary type of infant attachment?

Which of the following characterizes the developmental time course of wary reactions to strangers?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 12: Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Which of the following best describes the strength of the heritability coefficient for most temperamental attributes?

Describe the research evidence regarding the attachment that infants form with their fathers, and indicate how it may differ from that with their mothers.

Which of the following best describes the Japanese amae principle?

Suppose you read an article, and the author states: "Unlike diamonds, attachments are not forever." Would longitudinal research findings support this statement?

Children learn to suppress their emotions and display them with a more appropriate emotion according to societal rules.What have researchers found concerning the development of this behaviour?

Describe how the strange situation procedure is used to assess the security of an attachment relationship.

According to Mary Ainsworth, how will a securely attached child behave in the strange-situation test?

Which one of the following researchers would be most likely to suggest that infants play an active role in the attachment process?

According to Mary Ainsworth, what type of attachment characterizes a child who shows no concern when a caregiver leaves the child's immediate environment, and then does not seem to notice the caregiver's return?

Cognitive-developmental theorists suggest that there is an important cognitive milestone that infants must reach before an attachment relationship can form.Describe this milestone.

According to cognitive-developmental theorists, why do infants between 7 and 9 months of age begin to show evidence of attachment to a primary caregiver?

Which of the following forms of attachment is associated with mothers who can be affectionate but respond to their infants only when it suits them?

Which of the following best exemplifies the cognitive-developmental explanation for development of attachment?

Suppose an infant encounters a friendly person who is a stranger to him or her.Which of the following persons would be most likely to evoke a fear reaction in a 6- to 12-month-old infant?

Define the term social referencing, and describe how social referencing changes over the first two years after birth.

Compare and contrast the ethological and cognitive-developmental viewpoints regarding attachment-related fears in infancy.

Explain what emotional display rules are, and identify two skills children must acquire in order to comply with emotional display rules.

Which of the following forms of attachment is associated with mothers who are inconsistent caregivers?

Laren is 16 years old, and he tells you that he thinks that most people are dependable and caring, but that he doesn't feel worthy of the good things that happen to him.If you interpret Laren's comments using working-models theory, what would be his primary type of infant attachment?

Which of the following characterizes the developmental time course of wary reactions to strangers?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters