Exam 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others

Based on a study, what percentage of women wash their hands after using a public restroom if they believe no one else is in the restroom?

Recall Milgram's classic study on obedience to authority. One interesting finding here was that numerous participants who went ahead and administered shocks at high levels ____.

When a person helps another to increase his or her own welfare (such as by making a friend, creating an obligation to reciprocate, or just making oneself feel good), the helper is said to be engaged in ____.

The empathy-altruism hypothesis states that people who routinely engage in altruistic behavior gradually become more and more empathetic to others.

Altruistic helping is motivated by ____, and the end goal is to ____.

People are likely to engage in ________________ when someone has fallen down on the street. For example, passersby may well assume that their help is not needed, as someone else may have already called for help or be calling for help very soon.

If someone needs emergency help when in a crowd of people, he or she should pick a person out of the crowd, stare, speak, and point directly at that person.

In one well-known study of helping behavior, researchers examined helping among a sample of theology students. Students were either (a)put under time pressure or not put under time pressure and (b)expecting to give a speech about the parable of the (very helpful)Good Samaritan or expecting to give a speech about something else. What did the researchers find?

If a company operates under the ________________ norm, then each person in the company will be rewarded in direct proportion to the work that he or she performed.

Pluralistic ignorance is MOST likely to occur ____. ​

Conformity to social norms is likely to be highest when ____. ​

Suppose that Eli has a strong belief in a just world. How should we expect him to respond when he is asked what he thinks about a new social welfare program to benefit the elderly?

According to evolutionary theory, people are more likely to help siblings (with whom they share roughly half of their genes)than cousins (with whom they share roughly one-eighth of their genes), and more likely to help cousins than strangers. Research demonstrates that, in reality, ____. ​

________________ is defined as the obligation to return in kind what another has done for us.

The first step to helping in an emergency situation is overcoming pluralistic ignorance.

Pluralistic ignorance can be reduced by ____.

When Molly was ill, her neighbor Sarah looked after her. A few months later, when Sarah falls sick,Molly returns the favor by taking care of her.This scenario illustrates ____.

Research indicates that in societies where there is an intact rule of law, people are ____. ​

Evidence for a "morning morality effect" shows that people seem to be at their virtuous best in the morning.

A classic series of studies on obedience was conducted in the 1960s by the psychologist ____.