Question 1

The term _____ refers to the removal of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment

Question 2

The sound of a click can be an effective tool for shaping after it has been paired with _____, thereby making it a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  food; secondary reinforcer 
B)  shock; primary punisher 
C)  food; primary reinforcer 
D)  shock; secondary punisher 
A)  food; secondary reinforcer 
B)  shock; primary punisher 
C)  food; primary reinforcer 
D)  shock; secondary punisher

Question 3

In the context of the Skinner box, rat is to _____ as pigeon is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lever press; key peck 
B)  key peck; lever press 
C)  turning circles; lever press 
D)  lever press; turning circles 
A)  lever press; key peck 
B)  key peck; lever press 
C)  turning circles; lever press 
D)  lever press; turning circles

Question 4

An event is a punisher if it _________ a behavior and the future probability of that behavior _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An event is a punisher if it...

Question 5

Reflexive is to _____ conditioning as intentional is to _____ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical; operant 
B)  operant; Pavlovian 
C)  instrumental; respondent. 
D)  Both b and c are correct. 
A)  classical; operant 
B)  operant; Pavlovian 
C)  instrumental; respondent. 
D)  Both b and c are correct.

Question 6

When Beth tried to take the bone away from her dog, Jack, he bared his teeth and growled threateningly. Beth quickly pulled her hand back. Jack growled even more threateningly the next time Beth reached for the bone, and she again pulled her hand away. Eventually, Beth gave up and she now lets Jack chew on bones for as long as he wants. Jack's behavior of baring his teeth and growling served to _________ Beth's behavior of trying to take the bone away from him. Beth's behavior of pulling her hand away served to _________ Jack's behavior of growling.

Accepted Answer

positively

Question 7

Raed swatted at a wasp and got stung. After that, he never swatted at a wasp again. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  unconditioned reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive punishment 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  unconditioned reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment

Question 8

A primary reinforcer is also called a(n) _____ reinforcer, while a secondary reinforcer is also called a(n) _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned; unconditioned 
B)  generalized; nongeneralized 
C)  nongeneralized; generalized 
D)  unconditioned; conditioned 
A)  conditioned; unconditioned 
B)  generalized; nongeneralized 
C)  nongeneralized; generalized 
D)  unconditioned; conditioned

Question 9

Kyle's mother tells him, "If you clean your room, you will get to watch television." Under which type of contingency can this be classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive reinforcement 
B)  Extinction 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Negative reinforcement 
A)  Positive reinforcement 
B)  Extinction 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Negative reinforcement

Question 10

The term _____ refers to the presentation of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment

Question 11

A reinforcer that has been deliberately arranged to modify a behavior and is not a typical consequence of the behavior within that setting is called a(n) _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural 
B)  artificial 
C)  contrived 
D)  Both b and c are correct. 
A)  natural 
B)  artificial 
C)  contrived 
D)  Both b and c are correct.

Question 12

Thorndike argued that animal intelligence could be studied only using

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic investigation. 
B)  anecdotal evidence. 
C)  analogy to human intelligence. 
D)  ethological approaches. 
A)  systematic investigation. 
B)  anecdotal evidence. 
C)  analogy to human intelligence. 
D)  ethological approaches.

Question 13

The term "positive punishment" refers to the _____ of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a(n) _____ in the future strength of that response.

Accepted Answer

A)  removal; increase 
B)  presentation; decrease 
C)  presentation; increase 
D)  removal; decrease 
A)  removal; increase 
B)  presentation; decrease 
C)  presentation; increase 
D)  removal; decrease

Question 14

Suppose a rat presses a lever and receives a food pellet. As a result, it is more likely to press the lever in the future. In this example, the food is functioning as a _____ for lever-pressing.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcer 
B)  discriminative stimulus 
C)  punisher 
D)  punishment 
A)  reinforcer 
B)  discriminative stimulus 
C)  punisher 
D)  punishment

Question 15

Freud believed that humans are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain. This notion accords most closely with _____ definition of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thorndike's; the law of effect 
B)  Skinner's; respondent behavior 
C)  Thorndike's; operant conditioning 
D)  Skinner's; the law of effect 
A)  Thorndike's; the law of effect 
B)  Skinner's; respondent behavior 
C)  Thorndike's; operant conditioning 
D)  Skinner's; the law of effect

Question 16

Define intrinsic and extrinsic reinforcement, and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic reinforcement refers to the in

Question 17

For a male Betta splendens , the sight of another male elicits _____ behavior and functions as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  aggressive; punisher 
B)  aggressive; reinforcer 
C)  avoidance; punisher 
D)  avoidance; reinforcer 
A)  aggressive; punisher 
B)  aggressive; reinforcer 
C)  avoidance; punisher 
D)  avoidance; reinforcer

Question 18

The term _____ refers to a process or procedure.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcer 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  punisher 
D)  Both a and c are correct. 
A)  reinforcer 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  punisher 
D)  Both a and c are correct.

Question 19

At the zoo one day, you notice a zookeeper leading a rhinoceros into a pen by simply whistling at it. It is likely that the whistle has been paired with _________ and is now functioning as a(n) _________.

Accepted Answer

food; seco

Question 20

What are the similarities and differences between negative reinforcement and positive punishment?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement and positive puni

The term _____ refers to the removal of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.

The sound of a click can be an effective tool for shaping after it has been paired with _, thereby making it a _.

In the context of the Skinner box, rat is to _ as pigeon is to _.

An event is a punisher if it _ a behavior and the future probability of that behavior _.

Reflexive is to _ conditioning as intentional is to _ conditioning.

Raed swatted at a wasp and got stung. After that, he never swatted at a wasp again. This is an example of _____.

A primary reinforcer is also called a(n) _ reinforcer, while a secondary reinforcer is also called a(n) _ reinforcer.

Kyle's mother tells him, "If you clean your room, you will get to watch television." Under which type of contingency can this be classified?

The term _____ refers to the presentation of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.

A reinforcer that has been deliberately arranged to modify a behavior and is not a typical consequence of the behavior within that setting is called a(n) _____ reinforcer.

Thorndike argued that animal intelligence could be studied only using

The term "positive punishment" refers to the _ of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a(n) _ in the future strength of that response.

Suppose a rat presses a lever and receives a food pellet. As a result, it is more likely to press the lever in the future. In this example, the food is functioning as a _____ for lever-pressing.

Freud believed that humans are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain. This notion accords most closely with _ definition of _.

Define intrinsic and extrinsic reinforcement, and provide an example of each.

For a male Betta splendens , the sight of another male elicits _ behavior and functions as a(n) _.

The term _____ refers to a process or procedure.

At the zoo one day, you notice a zookeeper leading a rhinoceros into a pen by simply whistling at it. It is likely that the whistle has been paired with _ and is now functioning as a(n) _.

What are the similarities and differences between negative reinforcement and positive punishment?

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 6: Operant Conditioning Introduction

The term _____ refers to the removal of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.

The sound of a click can be an effective tool for shaping after it has been paired with _____, thereby making it a _____.

In the context of the Skinner box, rat is to _____ as pigeon is to _____.

An event is a punisher if it _________ a behavior and the future probability of that behavior _________.

Reflexive is to _____ conditioning as intentional is to _____ conditioning.

Raed swatted at a wasp and got stung. After that, he never swatted at a wasp again. This is an example of _____.

A primary reinforcer is also called a(n) _____ reinforcer, while a secondary reinforcer is also called a(n) _____ reinforcer.

Kyle's mother tells him, "If you clean your room, you will get to watch television." Under which type of contingency can this be classified?

The term _____ refers to the presentation of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.

A reinforcer that has been deliberately arranged to modify a behavior and is not a typical consequence of the behavior within that setting is called a(n) _____ reinforcer.

Thorndike argued that animal intelligence could be studied only using

The term "positive punishment" refers to the _____ of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a(n) _____ in the future strength of that response.

Suppose a rat presses a lever and receives a food pellet. As a result, it is more likely to press the lever in the future. In this example, the food is functioning as a _____ for lever-pressing.

Freud believed that humans are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain. This notion accords most closely with _____ definition of _____.

Define intrinsic and extrinsic reinforcement, and provide an example of each.

For a male Betta splendens , the sight of another male elicits _____ behavior and functions as a(n) _____.

The term _____ refers to a process or procedure.

At the zoo one day, you notice a zookeeper leading a rhinoceros into a pen by simply whistling at it. It is likely that the whistle has been paired with _________ and is now functioning as a(n) _________.

What are the similarities and differences between negative reinforcement and positive punishment?

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

The sound of a click can be an effective tool for shaping after it has been paired with _, thereby making it a _.

In the context of the Skinner box, rat is to _ as pigeon is to _.

An event is a punisher if it _ a behavior and the future probability of that behavior _.

Reflexive is to _ conditioning as intentional is to _ conditioning.

A primary reinforcer is also called a(n) _ reinforcer, while a secondary reinforcer is also called a(n) _ reinforcer.

The term "positive punishment" refers to the _ of a stimulus following a response, which then leads to a(n) _ in the future strength of that response.

Freud believed that humans are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain. This notion accords most closely with _ definition of _.

For a male Betta splendens , the sight of another male elicits _ behavior and functions as a(n) _.

At the zoo one day, you notice a zookeeper leading a rhinoceros into a pen by simply whistling at it. It is likely that the whistle has been paired with _ and is now functioning as a(n) _.