Question 1

Lactose is composed of the following simple sugars

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose
F) galactose and fructose 
A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose
F) galactose and fructose

Question 2

Deoxyribose is best described as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidized form of ribose 
B)  reduced pyranose 
C)  polyhydroxyl alcohol 
D)  glycoside 
E)  reduced form of a pentose 
A)  oxidized form of ribose 
B)  reduced pyranose 
C)  polyhydroxyl alcohol 
D)  glycoside 
E)  reduced form of a pentose

Question 3

In a Fischer projection, which chiral carbon determines whether the sugar is the D- or the L-isomer?

Accepted Answer

A)  highest numbered carbon atom 
B)  lowest numbered asymmetric carbon atom 
C)  lowest numbered carbon atom 
D)  highest numbered asymmetric carbon atom 
A)  highest numbered carbon atom 
B)  lowest numbered asymmetric carbon atom 
C)  lowest numbered carbon atom 
D)  highest numbered asymmetric carbon atom

Question 4

The simplest ketotriose is

Accepted Answer

A)  glyceraldehyde. 
B)  dihydroxyacetone. 
C)  ribose. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  sucrose. 
A)  glyceraldehyde. 
B)  dihydroxyacetone. 
C)  ribose. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  sucrose.

Question 5

How many carbon atoms are in the simplest carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 6

One major difference between bacterial and plant cell walls is that bacterial cell walls have polysaccharides that are crosslinked by peptides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Sucrose is composed of the following simple sugars

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose
F) galactose and fructose 
A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose
F) galactose and fructose

Question 8

For the α anomer of a D-sugar, the anomeric hydroxyl in a Haworth projection

Accepted Answer

A)  has an upward projection (on the same side as the terminal CH2OH group). 
B)  has a downward projection (on the opposite side from the terminal CH2OH group). 
C)  may be either up or down, it depends on the individual sugar. 
D)  is non-existent; anomers are a consideration only in Fischer projections. 
A)  has an upward projection (on the same side as the terminal CH2OH group). 
B)  has a downward projection (on the opposite side from the terminal CH2OH group). 
C)  may be either up or down, it depends on the individual sugar. 
D)  is non-existent; anomers are a consideration only in Fischer projections.

Question 9

Exhibit 16C A polysaccharide.   Refer to Exhibit 16C. Which lettered subunit is the nonreducing end?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  There is more than one nonreducing end on this carbohydrate. 
E)  There are no nonreducing ends on this carbohydrate. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  There is more than one nonreducing end on this carbohydrate. 
E)  There are no nonreducing ends on this carbohydrate.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  maltose 
E)  lactose 
A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  maltose 
E)  lactose

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning plant cell walls is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are composed of a polysaccharide and protein matrix. 
B)  They contain a lipid bilayer. 
C)  They are porous to small molecules. 
D)  They contain large amounts of protein. 
A)  They are composed of a polysaccharide and protein matrix. 
B)  They contain a lipid bilayer. 
C)  They are porous to small molecules. 
D)  They contain large amounts of protein.

Question 12

How many enantiomeric pairs are possible for a aldohexose?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16

Question 13

Sugars which differ in chirality only around one carbon are most specifically called

Accepted Answer

A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these 
A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these

Question 14

Explain how a hemiacetal compound differs from a hemiketal compound.

Accepted Answer

A hemiacetal compound is formed by the r

Question 15

Which of the following is true about Sucralose

Accepted Answer

A)  it is an artificial sweetener 
B)  It is exactly like sucrose except for the presence of 3 chlorine atoms 
C)  It is a dissacharide made up of glucose and fructose 
D)  all of these 
A)  it is an artificial sweetener 
B)  It is exactly like sucrose except for the presence of 3 chlorine atoms 
C)  It is a dissacharide made up of glucose and fructose 
D)  all of these

Question 16

Glycogen breakdown proceeds from the nonreducing ends.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

​ Which of the following types of carbohydrates are made up of sugars linked by glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monosaccharides 
B)  Aldoses 
C)  Oligosaccharides 
D)  Ketoses 
A)  Monosaccharides 
B)  Aldoses 
C)  Oligosaccharides 
D)  Ketoses

Question 18

Which of the following molecules have the highest degree of α [1 − 6] branching linkages

Accepted Answer

A)  Amylose 
B)  Amylopectin 
C)  Starch 
D)  Glycogen 
E)  All of these have the same degree of branching 
A)  Amylose 
B)  Amylopectin 
C)  Starch 
D)  Glycogen 
E)  All of these have the same degree of branching

Question 19

Chitin, which forms the exoskeletons of insects, is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  α (1 − 4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues 
B)  β (1 − 4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues 
C)  α (1 − 4) linked glucose residues 
D)  β (1 − 4) linked glucose residues 
A)  α (1 − 4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues 
B)  β (1 − 4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues 
C)  α (1 − 4) linked glucose residues 
D)  β (1 − 4) linked glucose residues

Question 20

Haworth projection formulas

Accepted Answer

A)  are representations of the cyclic form of sugars 
B)  can show the distinction between the α and β anomers 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above 
A)  are representations of the cyclic form of sugars 
B)  can show the distinction between the α and β anomers 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above

Exam 16: Carbohydrates

Lactose is composed of the following simple sugars

Deoxyribose is best described as a(n):

In a Fischer projection, which chiral carbon determines whether the sugar is the D- or the L-isomer?

The simplest ketotriose is

How many carbon atoms are in the simplest carbohydrates?

One major difference between bacterial and plant cell walls is that bacterial cell walls have polysaccharides that are crosslinked by peptides.

Sucrose is composed of the following simple sugars

For the α anomer of a D-sugar, the anomeric hydroxyl in a Haworth projection

Exhibit 16C A polysaccharide. Refer to Exhibit 16C. Which lettered subunit is the nonreducing end?

Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?

Which of the following statements concerning plant cell walls is false ?

How many enantiomeric pairs are possible for a aldohexose?

Sugars which differ in chirality only around one carbon are most specifically called

Explain how a hemiacetal compound differs from a hemiketal compound.

Which of the following is true about Sucralose

Glycogen breakdown proceeds from the nonreducing ends.

​ Which of the following types of carbohydrates are made up of sugars linked by glycosidic bonds?

Which of the following molecules have the highest degree of α [1 − 6] branching linkages

Chitin, which forms the exoskeletons of insects, is composed of

Haworth projection formulas

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

Filters

Which of the following types of carbohydrates are made up of sugars linked by glycosidic bonds?