Question 1

If yeast cells are incubated under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate they produce is converted to lactate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Sketch the electron transport chain and electron flow. Identify each complex and which complex(es) pump protons into the intermembrane space.

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a

Question 3

Briefly describe how the same pathways that oxidize glucose can also metabolize proteins.

Accepted Answer

As shown in Fig. 8-13, proteins are conv

Question 4

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, two CO2 molecules are produced. 
 ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is it called when ATP synthesis is coupled to the redox reactions in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorylation 
B)  Anaerobic respiration 
C)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  Redox reactions 
E)  Fermentation 
A)  Phosphorylation 
B)  Anaerobic respiration 
C)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  Redox reactions 
E)  Fermentation

Question 6

During chemiosmosis, what must be transferred from NADH and FADH2 to electron acceptor molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protons 
B)  Electrons 
C)  ATP molecules 
D)  ADP molecules 
E)  Water molecules 
A)  Protons 
B)  Electrons 
C)  ATP molecules 
D)  ADP molecules 
E)  Water molecules

Question 7

Consider the efficiency of fermentation and explain why it is or is not an efficient process.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Fermentation is a

Question 8

Match between columns
                        Premises: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is split into two sugars.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Glycolysis and Electron transport and chemiosmosis and is...

Question 9

Which of the following is a series of reactions in which glucose is degraded to pyruvate and electrons are transferred to carriers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of acetyl CoA 
B)  Citric acid cycle 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  Decarboxylations 
E)  Electron transport and chemiosmosis 
A)  Formation of acetyl CoA 
B)  Citric acid cycle 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  Decarboxylations 
E)  Electron transport and chemiosmosis

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: Oxygen is the final electron acceptor.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Formation of acetyl CoA and Electron transport is...

Question 11

In the process of aerobic respiration, nitrate can function as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is the series of reactions in which the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA is degraded to CO2 and ATP is synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Citric acid cycle 
C)  Formation of acetyl CoA 
D)  Electron transport and chemiosmosis 
E)  Dehydrogenations 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Citric acid cycle 
C)  Formation of acetyl CoA 
D)  Electron transport and chemiosmosis 
E)  Dehydrogenations

Question 13

Glycolysis yields a net energy profit of ____ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.

Accepted Answer

A)  no 
B)  one 
C)  two 
D)  four 
E)  six 
A)  no 
B)  one 
C)  two 
D)  four 
E)  six

Question 14

During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields

Accepted Answer

A)  1 ATP, 2 NADH, and 3 FADH2. 
B)  1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
C)  3 ATP, 2 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
D)  4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
E)  1 ATP, 2 NADH, and 4 FADH2. 
A)  1 ATP, 2 NADH, and 3 FADH2. 
B)  1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
C)  3 ATP, 2 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
D)  4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
E)  1 ATP, 2 NADH, and 4 FADH2.

Question 15

What is the role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  To form ATP 
B)  To produce CO2 
C)  To accept electrons directly from either NADH or FADH2 
D)  To accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain 
E)  To store high energy electrons that are passed to complex I of the electron transport chain 
A)  To form ATP 
B)  To produce CO2 
C)  To accept electrons directly from either NADH or FADH2 
D)  To accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain 
E)  To store high energy electrons that are passed to complex I of the electron transport chain

Question 16

In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is converted into two three-carbon molecules of

Accepted Answer

A)  citrate. 
B)  acetate. 
C)  pyruvate. 
D)  oxaloacetate. 
E)  coenzyme A 
A)  citrate. 
B)  acetate. 
C)  pyruvate. 
D)  oxaloacetate. 
E)  coenzyme A

Question 17

An example of a(n) anabolic reaction is the splitting of a polysaccharide into monosaccharides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Respiration which does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor and is performed by some prokaryotes that live in anaerobic environments, such as waterlogged soil, stagnant ponds, and animal intestines is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  fermentation 
C)  redox reactions 
D)  oxidative 
E)  deamination 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  fermentation 
C)  redox reactions 
D)  oxidative 
E)  deamination

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protons are pumped out of the mitochondria by the complexes of the electron transport chain. 
B)  The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy. 
C)  The electron transport chain can be found in the mitochondria of aerobic bacteria and other cells. 
D)  The movement of protons down a concentration gradient is an endergonic process. 
E)  ATP synthesis associated with the electron transport chain is an example of substrate level phosphorylation. 
A)  Protons are pumped out of the mitochondria by the complexes of the electron transport chain. 
B)  The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy. 
C)  The electron transport chain can be found in the mitochondria of aerobic bacteria and other cells. 
D)  The movement of protons down a concentration gradient is an endergonic process. 
E)  ATP synthesis associated with the electron transport chain is an example of substrate level phosphorylation.

Question 20

During fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are transferred to the electron transport chain. 
B)  are transferred to an organic molecule. 
C)  are transferred to O2. 
D)  are used to make CO2. 
E)  are used to form H2O. 
A)  are transferred to the electron transport chain. 
B)  are transferred to an organic molecule. 
C)  are transferred to O2. 
D)  are used to make CO2. 
E)  are used to form H2O.

Exam 8: How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

If yeast cells are incubated under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate they produce is converted to lactate.

Sketch the electron transport chain and electron flow. Identify each complex and which complex(es) pump protons into the intermembrane space.

Briefly describe how the same pathways that oxidize glucose can also metabolize proteins.

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, two CO2 molecules are produced. ​

What is it called when ATP synthesis is coupled to the redox reactions in the electron transport chain?

During chemiosmosis, what must be transferred from NADH and FADH2 to electron acceptor molecules?

Consider the efficiency of fermentation and explain why it is or is not an efficient process.

Which of the following is a series of reactions in which glucose is degraded to pyruvate and electrons are transferred to carriers?

In the process of aerobic respiration, nitrate can function as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

What is the series of reactions in which the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA is degraded to CO2 and ATP is synthesized?

Glycolysis yields a net energy profit of ____ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.

During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields

What is the role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration?

In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is converted into two three-carbon molecules of

An example of a(n) anabolic reaction is the splitting of a polysaccharide into monosaccharides.

Respiration which does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor and is performed by some prokaryotes that live in anaerobic environments, such as waterlogged soil, stagnant ponds, and animal intestines is called ______.

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

During fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, two CO₂ molecules are produced.

During chemiosmosis, what must be transferred from NADH and FADH₂ to electron acceptor molecules?

What is the series of reactions in which the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA is degraded to CO₂ and ATP is synthesized?