Question 1

In the electron transport chain, exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. 
B)  ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP. 
C)  G3P is produced from phosphorylation of ADP. 
D)  ADP is produced by dephosphorylation of ATP. 
E)  glucose is produced from phosphorylation of ADP. 
A)  pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. 
B)  ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP. 
C)  G3P is produced from phosphorylation of ADP. 
D)  ADP is produced by dephosphorylation of ATP. 
E)  glucose is produced from phosphorylation of ADP.

Question 2

Which is a product from the first reaction of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  Citrate 
D)  Phosphate 
E)  Acetyl-CoA 
A)  ATP 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  Citrate 
D)  Phosphate 
E)  Acetyl-CoA

Question 3

The stage of cellular respiration in which most of the ATP is produced is the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In glycolysis, a phosphorylated sugar (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate) is split, forming two molecules of

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP. 
B)  G3P. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  citric acid. 
E)  acetyl CoA. 
A)  ADP. 
B)  G3P. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  citric acid. 
E)  acetyl CoA.

Question 5

Fermentation is an anaerobic process that does not use an electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Both alcohol fermentation and lactate fermentation are highly ____ because the fuel is only partially ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  efficient; reduced 
B)  efficient; oxidized 
C)  inefficient; reduced 
D)  inefficient; oxidized 
E)  efficient; metabolized 
A)  efficient; reduced 
B)  efficient; oxidized 
C)  inefficient; reduced 
D)  inefficient; oxidized 
E)  efficient; metabolized

Question 7

What is it called when a phosphate group is transferred to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Substrate-level phosphorylation 
B)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  Phosphorylation 
D)  Succinate dehydrogenase 
E)  Succinyl CoA synthetase 
A)  Substrate-level phosphorylation 
B)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  Phosphorylation 
D)  Succinate dehydrogenase 
E)  Succinyl CoA synthetase

Question 8

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleus 
B)  Cytosol 
C)  Mitochondrial matrix 
D)  Endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  Mitochondrial membrane 
A)  Nucleus 
B)  Cytosol 
C)  Mitochondrial matrix 
D)  Endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  Mitochondrial membrane

Question 9

Which of the following is an exploited product of lactate fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Butter 
B)  Beer 
C)  Yogurt 
D)  Ice cream 
E)  Loaf of bread 
A)  Butter 
B)  Beer 
C)  Yogurt 
D)  Ice cream 
E)  Loaf of bread

Question 10

In glycolysis, glucose receives two phosphate groups from ____, thus forming fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP 
B)  ATP 
C)  G3P 
D)  a bisphosphate group 
E)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 
A)  ADP 
B)  ATP 
C)  G3P 
D)  a bisphosphate group 
E)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Question 11

What is the reaction in which part of a carboxyl group (-COOH) is removed from the substrate as a molecule of CO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Pyruvate 
C)  Decarboxylation 
D)  Phosphorylation 
E)  Dehydrogenation 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Pyruvate 
C)  Decarboxylation 
D)  Phosphorylation 
E)  Dehydrogenation

Question 12

Briefly describe the two phases of glycolysis (energy investment and energy capture). Explain why glycolysis requires an initial investment of energy.

Accepted Answer

In glycolysis, an initial investment of

Question 13

How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaerobic respiration produces CO2. 
B)  Anaerobic respiration produces ATP. 
C)  Anaerobic respiration involves an electron transport chain. 
D)  Anaerobic respiration utilizes O2 as the terminal electron acceptor. 
E)  Anaerobic respiration utilizes NO3− as the terminal electron acceptor. 
A)  Anaerobic respiration produces CO2. 
B)  Anaerobic respiration produces ATP. 
C)  Anaerobic respiration involves an electron transport chain. 
D)  Anaerobic respiration utilizes O2 as the terminal electron acceptor. 
E)  Anaerobic respiration utilizes NO3− as the terminal electron acceptor.

Question 14

Describe how cells regulate the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate as catalyzed by phosphofructokinase (PFK) and how this mechanism mediates the process of aerobic respiration.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: PFK is c

Question 15

In liver cells, each pair NADH produced via glycolysis results in two ATP molecules in the electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  the electron transport chain. 
E)  ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  the electron transport chain. 
E)  ATP synthesis in the mitochondria.

Question 17

After the conversion of pyruvate molecules to acetyl CoA molecules, how many NADH molecules have been produced from one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five 
A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five

Question 18

Although our muscle cells contain mitochondria and normally undergo aerobic respiration, they can undergo anaerobic respiration during strenuous activity. What is the product of this process that causes muscle cramps? What is the evolutionary advantage of the ability of muscle cells to utilize anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Although we are ca

Question 19

Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose only 
B)  Glucose and lipids only 
C)  Glucose and proteins only 
D)  Glucose, lipids, and proteins only 
E)  Glucose, lipids, proteins, and fatty acids 
A)  Glucose only 
B)  Glucose and lipids only 
C)  Glucose and proteins only 
D)  Glucose, lipids, and proteins only 
E)  Glucose, lipids, proteins, and fatty acids

Question 20

The reactions of the citric acid cycle take place in the matrix of the mitochondrion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

In the electron transport chain, exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which

Which is a product from the first reaction of the citric acid cycle?

The stage of cellular respiration in which most of the ATP is produced is the citric acid cycle.

In glycolysis, a phosphorylated sugar (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate) is split, forming two molecules of

Fermentation is an anaerobic process that does not use an electron transport chain.

Both alcohol fermentation and lactate fermentation are highly ____ because the fuel is only partially ____.

What is it called when a phosphate group is transferred to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate?

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in a eukaryotic cell?

Which of the following is an exploited product of lactate fermentation?

In glycolysis, glucose receives two phosphate groups from ____, thus forming fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

What is the reaction in which part of a carboxyl group (-COOH) is removed from the substrate as a molecule of CO2?

Briefly describe the two phases of glycolysis (energy investment and energy capture). Explain why glycolysis requires an initial investment of energy.

How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?

Describe how cells regulate the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate as catalyzed by phosphofructokinase (PFK) and how this mechanism mediates the process of aerobic respiration.

In liver cells, each pair NADH produced via glycolysis results in two ATP molecules in the electron transport chain.

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of

After the conversion of pyruvate molecules to acetyl CoA molecules, how many NADH molecules have been produced from one glucose molecule?

Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?

The reactions of the citric acid cycle take place in the matrix of the mitochondrion.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Both alcohol fermentation and lactate fermentation are highly because the fuel is only partially .

What is the reaction in which part of a carboxyl group (-COOH) is removed from the substrate as a molecule of CO₂?

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO₂ by the end of