Question 1

The overuse of antibiotics has led to a form of antibiotic resistant tuberculosis. This has occurred as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection within the bacterial population. 
B)  stabilizing selection within the bacterial population. 
C)  disruptive selection within the bacterial population. 
D)  balanced polymorphism within the bacterial population. 
E)  a heterozygote advantage within the bacterial population. 
A)  directional selection within the bacterial population. 
B)  stabilizing selection within the bacterial population. 
C)  disruptive selection within the bacterial population. 
D)  balanced polymorphism within the bacterial population. 
E)  a heterozygote advantage within the bacterial population.

Question 2

What is heterozygote advantage? Identify and briefly explain one example of this.

Accepted Answer

Heterozygote advantage occurs when the h

Question 3

Which is defined by the presence of two or more different alleles in a population for a given locus?

Accepted Answer

A)  A gene pool 
B)  Heterozygosity 
C)  Polygenic stasis 
D)  Genetic polymorphism 
E)  Frequency independent selection 
A)  A gene pool 
B)  Heterozygosity 
C)  Polygenic stasis 
D)  Genetic polymorphism 
E)  Frequency independent selection

Question 4

Bacterial populations have been exposed to an antibiotic and have developed resistance to the antibiotic over time. Briefly explain how this is an example of one of the following: stabilizing selection, directional selection, or disruptive selection? Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: This is

Question 5

Which region displays an example of the founder effect amongst its population?

Accepted Answer

A)  China 
B)  Iceland 
C)  Central Africa 
D)  The United States 
E)  The United Kingdom 
A)  China 
B)  Iceland 
C)  Central Africa 
D)  The United States 
E)  The United Kingdom

Question 6

Which mechanism results in changes in allele frequencies in a population from one generation to another due to random sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene flow 
B)  Mutation 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Natural selection 
E)  Disruptive selection 
A)  Gene flow 
B)  Mutation 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Natural selection 
E)  Disruptive selection

Question 7

In cases of_____________________, the fitness of a particular phenotype depends on how frequently it appears in the population.

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency-dependent selection 
B)  genetic variation 
C)  gene flow 
D)  genetic polymorphism 
E)  stabilizing selection 
A)  frequency-dependent selection 
B)  genetic variation 
C)  gene flow 
D)  genetic polymorphism 
E)  stabilizing selection

Question 8

Natural selection does not act directly on an organism's genotype.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Negative frequency-dependent selection acts to decrease the frequency of which phenotype in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  The least common phenotype 
B)  The most common phenotype 
C)  The most conspicuous phenotype 
D)  The most camouflaged phenotype 
E)  The phenotype at an extreme of the normal distribution 
A)  The least common phenotype 
B)  The most common phenotype 
C)  The most conspicuous phenotype 
D)  The most camouflaged phenotype 
E)  The phenotype at an extreme of the normal distribution

Question 10

Which of the following can produce a population of individuals with a relatively high frequency of a harmful or rare allele?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  The founder effect 
D)  Artificial selection 
E)  Migration between large populations 
A)  Mutation 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  The founder effect 
D)  Artificial selection 
E)  Migration between large populations

Question 11

Describe how the following concepts alter allele frequencies in populations: genetic drift and gene flow.

Accepted Answer

Gene flow can alter allele fre

Question 12

Which is the correct equation for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  p 2 + 2 pq 2 + q 2 + q 2 = 100 
B)  2 p 2 + 2 pq + 2 q 2 = 1000 
C)  p 2 + 2 p + 2 q + q 2 = 1 
D)  p 2 − 2 pq + q 2 = 1 
E)  p 2 + 2 pq + q 2 = 1 
A)  p 2 + 2 pq 2 + q 2 + q 2 = 100 
B)  2 p 2 + 2 pq + 2 q 2 = 1000 
C)  p 2 + 2 p + 2 q + q 2 = 1 
D)  p 2 − 2 pq + q 2 = 1 
E)  p 2 + 2 pq + q 2 = 1

Question 13

Human MN blood types illustrate the Hardy Weinberg principle because these blood type antigens are not subject to inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A type of genetic flow called the founder effect occurs when a small number of individuals from a large population form a new colony.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Variation that does not alter the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce is therefore considered:

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral. 
B)  genetic. 
C)  geographic. 
D)  heterozygous. 
E)  frequency-dependent. 
A)  neutral. 
B)  genetic. 
C)  geographic. 
D)  heterozygous. 
E)  frequency-dependent.

Question 16

What is the raw material for evolutionary change because it provides the diversity on which natural selection acts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequency-dependent selection 
B)  Genetic variation 
C)  Gene flow 
D)  Genetic polymorphism 
E)  Stabilizing selection 
A)  Frequency-dependent selection 
B)  Genetic variation 
C)  Gene flow 
D)  Genetic polymorphism 
E)  Stabilizing selection

Question 17

__________________ selection often acts to maintain genetic variation in populations of prey species.

Accepted Answer

A)  stabilizing 
B)  directional 
C)  disruptive 
D)  abnormal 
E)  frequency-dependent 
A)  stabilizing 
B)  directional 
C)  disruptive 
D)  abnormal 
E)  frequency-dependent

Question 18

For the relative proportions of alleles and genotypes in successive generations to stay the same, which condition must be met for the population?

Accepted Answer

A)  There can be no natural selection. 
B)  A population must not be very large. 
C)  There can only be mating between relatives. 
D)  A population can only have some migration. 
E)  A population can have only occasional matings. 
A)  There can be no natural selection. 
B)  A population must not be very large. 
C)  There can only be mating between relatives. 
D)  A population can only have some migration. 
E)  A population can have only occasional matings.

Question 19

If each genotype corresponds to a specific phenotype, the phenotype and genotype frequencies are not the same.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A population of people who have lived in the middle of the jungle for thousands of years without coming in contact with other individuals would show evidence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic stasis. 
B)  polymorphism. 
C)  random mating. 
D)  genetic equilibrium. 
E)  increasing nonharmful alleles. 
A)  genetic stasis. 
B)  polymorphism. 
C)  random mating. 
D)  genetic equilibrium. 
E)  increasing nonharmful alleles.

Exam 19: Evolutionary Change in Populations

The overuse of antibiotics has led to a form of antibiotic resistant tuberculosis. This has occurred as a result of:

What is heterozygote advantage? Identify and briefly explain one example of this.

Which is defined by the presence of two or more different alleles in a population for a given locus?

Bacterial populations have been exposed to an antibiotic and have developed resistance to the antibiotic over time. Briefly explain how this is an example of one of the following: stabilizing selection, directional selection, or disruptive selection? Explain your reasoning.

Which region displays an example of the founder effect amongst its population?

Which mechanism results in changes in allele frequencies in a population from one generation to another due to random sampling?

In cases of_____________________, the fitness of a particular phenotype depends on how frequently it appears in the population.

Natural selection does not act directly on an organism's genotype.

Negative frequency-dependent selection acts to decrease the frequency of which phenotype in a population?

Which of the following can produce a population of individuals with a relatively high frequency of a harmful or rare allele?

Describe how the following concepts alter allele frequencies in populations: genetic drift and gene flow.

Which is the correct equation for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Human MN blood types illustrate the Hardy Weinberg principle because these blood type antigens are not subject to inheritance.

A type of genetic flow called the founder effect occurs when a small number of individuals from a large population form a new colony.

Variation that does not alter the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce is therefore considered:

What is the raw material for evolutionary change because it provides the diversity on which natural selection acts?

__________________ selection often acts to maintain genetic variation in populations of prey species.

For the relative proportions of alleles and genotypes in successive generations to stay the same, which condition must be met for the population?

If each genotype corresponds to a specific phenotype, the phenotype and genotype frequencies are not the same.

A population of people who have lived in the middle of the jungle for thousands of years without coming in contact with other individuals would show evidence of:

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Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

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How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

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DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

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Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

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The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

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