Question 1

Which of the following is known as the process of natural selection associated with a population well adapted to its environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequency-dependent selection 
B)  Balanced polymorphism 
C)  Directional selection 
D)  Stabilizing selection 
E)  Genetic polymorphism 
A)  Frequency-dependent selection 
B)  Balanced polymorphism 
C)  Directional selection 
D)  Stabilizing selection 
E)  Genetic polymorphism

Question 2

If a population of 2000 individuals has 120 aa genotypes, what would the genotype frequency of aa be?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.006 
B)  0.06 
C)  0.6 
D)  1.6 
E)  16 
A)  0.006 
B)  0.06 
C)  0.6 
D)  1.6 
E)  16

Question 3

Differentiate between genotype frequency, phenotype frequency, and allele frequency.

Accepted Answer

Genotype frequency is the proportion of

Question 4

The allele for sickle cell anemia is maintained in populations by frequency dependent selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If all of the alleles of a given locus are the same in a population, then what is the frequency of that allele?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 
B)  1.0 
C)  10.0 
D)  100.0 
E)  1000.0 
A)  0.1 
B)  1.0 
C)  10.0 
D)  100.0 
E)  1000.0

Question 6

What best describes all alleles for all of the loci present in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene pool 
B)  Allele collection 
C)  Population variation 
D)  Evolutionary potential 
E)  Population compilation 
A)  Gene pool 
B)  Allele collection 
C)  Population variation 
D)  Evolutionary potential 
E)  Population compilation

Question 7

Table 19-1   ​
Refer to the accompanying table. What is the frequency of the Dd genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.6 
E)  0.8 
A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.6 
E)  0.8

Question 8

Due to a rapid change in the environment, a population of ants was reduced from one million to one thousand. What type of genetic drift will occur in the gene pool of this population when it expands again?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene flow 
B)  Migration 
C)  Natural selection 
D)  The founder effect 
E)  A genetic bottleneck 
A)  Gene flow 
B)  Migration 
C)  Natural selection 
D)  The founder effect 
E)  A genetic bottleneck

Question 9

Figure 19-1
 
What type of selection is represented by the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  No selection 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  Disruptive selection 
D)  Stabilizing selection 
E)  Directional selection 
A)  No selection 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  Disruptive selection 
D)  Stabilizing selection 
E)  Directional selection

Question 10

Based on the data in the accompanying figure, an infant with 90% survival (or 10% death) would weigh:

Accepted Answer

A)  11 lb. 
B)  9 lb. 
C)  7 lb. 
D)  5 lb. 
E)  3 lb. 
A)  11 lb. 
B)  9 lb. 
C)  7 lb. 
D)  5 lb. 
E)  3 lb.

Question 11

With respect to the alleles for sickle cell anemia, which genotype(s) is (are) at a disadvantage to persons residing in tropical areas of Africa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterozygous 
B)  Homozygous dominant 
C)  Homozygous recessive 
D)  Both heterozygous and homozygous dominant 
E)  Both homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive 
A)  Heterozygous 
B)  Homozygous dominant 
C)  Homozygous recessive 
D)  Both heterozygous and homozygous dominant 
E)  Both homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive

Question 12

Why is the Hardy-Weinberg principle useful to biologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  It describes most populations. 
B)  It proves that Mendel was correct for populations. 
C)  It explains the existence of variation in populations. 
D)  It explains the existence of a large number of species. 
E)  It identifies those factors that can change allele or genotype frequencies. 
A)  It describes most populations. 
B)  It proves that Mendel was correct for populations. 
C)  It explains the existence of variation in populations. 
D)  It explains the existence of a large number of species. 
E)  It identifies those factors that can change allele or genotype frequencies.

Question 13

When a population goes through a bottleneck, genetic drift occurs in the large population of survivors of a severe change in environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

___________is the mechanism of evolution first proposed by Darwin.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  neutral variation. 
E)  geographic variation. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  neutral variation. 
E)  geographic variation.

Question 15

Explain why the usefulness of a mutation may vary depending on an organism's environment.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Mutations are chan

Question 16

Which is the only process that can lead to adaptations and directed genetic change of a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation 
B)  Migration 
C)  Inbreeding 
D)  Genetic drift 
E)  Natural selection 
A)  Mutation 
B)  Migration 
C)  Inbreeding 
D)  Genetic drift 
E)  Natural selection

Question 17

Table 19-1   Refer to the accompanying table. What is the frequency of the dd genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.6 
E)  1.2 
A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.6 
E)  1.2

Question 18

What is the only source of all new alleles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation 
B)  Gene flow 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Natural selection 
E)  Genetic polymorphism 
A)  Mutation 
B)  Gene flow 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Natural selection 
E)  Genetic polymorphism

Question 19

Figure 19-2
 
Based on the data in the accompanying figure, the infant with the highest probability of survival would weigh:

Accepted Answer

A)  11 lb. 
B)  9 lb. 
C)  7 lb. 
D)  5 lb. 
E)  3 lb. 
A)  11 lb. 
B)  9 lb. 
C)  7 lb. 
D)  5 lb. 
E)  3 lb.

Question 20

Table 19-1   Refer to the accompanying table. What is the allele frequency of d ?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.5 
E)  0.6 
A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.5 
E)  0.6

Exam 19: Evolutionary Change in Populations

Which of the following is known as the process of natural selection associated with a population well adapted to its environment?

If a population of 2000 individuals has 120 aa genotypes, what would the genotype frequency of aa be?

Differentiate between genotype frequency, phenotype frequency, and allele frequency.

The allele for sickle cell anemia is maintained in populations by frequency dependent selection.

If all of the alleles of a given locus are the same in a population, then what is the frequency of that allele?

What best describes all alleles for all of the loci present in a population?

Table 19-1 ​ Refer to the accompanying table. What is the frequency of the Dd genotype?

Due to a rapid change in the environment, a population of ants was reduced from one million to one thousand. What type of genetic drift will occur in the gene pool of this population when it expands again?

Figure 19-1 What type of selection is represented by the accompanying figure?

Based on the data in the accompanying figure, an infant with 90% survival (or 10% death) would weigh:

With respect to the alleles for sickle cell anemia, which genotype(s) is (are) at a disadvantage to persons residing in tropical areas of Africa?

Why is the Hardy-Weinberg principle useful to biologists?

When a population goes through a bottleneck, genetic drift occurs in the large population of survivors of a severe change in environment.

___________is the mechanism of evolution first proposed by Darwin.

Explain why the usefulness of a mutation may vary depending on an organism's environment.

Which is the only process that can lead to adaptations and directed genetic change of a population?

Table 19-1 Refer to the accompanying table. What is the frequency of the dd genotype?

What is the only source of all new alleles?

Figure 19-2 Based on the data in the accompanying figure, the infant with the highest probability of survival would weigh:

Table 19-1 Refer to the accompanying table. What is the allele frequency of d ?

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Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

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The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

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Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

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The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

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Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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Table 19-1 Refer to the accompanying table. What is the frequency of the Dd genotype?