Question 1

Which term indicates the evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microevolution 
B)  Preadaptations 
C)  Adaptive radiation 
D)  Allometric growth 
E)  Allopatric speciation 
A)  Microevolution 
B)  Preadaptations 
C)  Adaptive radiation 
D)  Allometric growth 
E)  Allopatric speciation

Question 2

Hybrid inviability can increase over generations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Compare allopatric and sympatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation occurs w

Question 4

The Hawthorne and apple maggot flies appear to have become reproductively isolated from each other largely because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  have different mating behaviors. 
B)  mate at different times of the day. 
C)  have adapted to two different hosts. 
D)  occupy different parts of the habitat. 
E)  do not share the same reproductive organs. 
A)  have different mating behaviors. 
B)  mate at different times of the day. 
C)  have adapted to two different hosts. 
D)  occupy different parts of the habitat. 
E)  do not share the same reproductive organs.

Question 5

Which mechanism prevents fish sperm from fertilizing frog eggs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energetic barriers 
B)  Biological barriers 
C)  Prezygotic barriers 
D)  Ecological barriers 
E)  Postzygotic barriers 
A)  Energetic barriers 
B)  Biological barriers 
C)  Prezygotic barriers 
D)  Ecological barriers 
E)  Postzygotic barriers

Question 6

If two species have incompatible mating structures, then which reproductive isolation mechanism prevents them from mating?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual isolation 
B)  Gametic isolation 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Behavioral isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation 
A)  Sexual isolation 
B)  Gametic isolation 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Behavioral isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation

Question 7

Define paedomorphosis and allometric growth , and briefly explain how each contributes to the process of macroevolution.

Accepted Answer

Paedomorphosis occurs when juvenile char

Question 8

A newly evolved species may take over an ecological role or ecological niche that is already occupied, provided that the new species has:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to alter or change the environmental parameters. 
B)  fitness that is almost as high as the fitness of the original species. 
C)  the ability to grow to a larger size, thus providing it with a selective advantage. 
D)  features that make it competitively superior to the original occupant of that niche. 
E)  the ability to evolve through natural selection, as opposed to the original occupant, who cannot continue to evolve. 
A)  the ability to alter or change the environmental parameters. 
B)  fitness that is almost as high as the fitness of the original species. 
C)  the ability to grow to a larger size, thus providing it with a selective advantage. 
D)  features that make it competitively superior to the original occupant of that niche. 
E)  the ability to evolve through natural selection, as opposed to the original occupant, who cannot continue to evolve.

Question 9

What possesses more than two sets of chromosomes and has played a major role in plant evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyploids 
B)  Autopolyploids 
C)  Allopolyploids 
D)  Hybridization 
E)  Sympatric speciation 
A)  Polyploids 
B)  Autopolyploids 
C)  Allopolyploids 
D)  Hybridization 
E)  Sympatric speciation

Question 10

Sympatric speciation is the most common method of speciation and accounts for almost all evolution of new animal species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which reproductive isolation mechanism explains why a large dog, such as a Newfoundland, would not normally mate with a small dog, such as a Chihuahua?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual isolation 
B)  Gametic isolation 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Behavioral isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation 
A)  Sexual isolation 
B)  Gametic isolation 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Behavioral isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation

Question 12

Reinforcement is an evolutionary process that occurs in a hybrid zone in which parental species adapt to two different communities, and the hybrids thrive in an area of transition between the parental communities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Scientists supporting phyletic gradualism explain any period of stasis in the fossil record as stabilizing selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of these mechanisms is a postzygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interbreeding 
B)  Hybrid sterility 
C)  Habitat isolation 
D)  Behavioral isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation 
A)  Interbreeding 
B)  Hybrid sterility 
C)  Habitat isolation 
D)  Behavioral isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation

Question 15

What are considered to be the two most important factors that have been involved in past mass extinctions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disease and parasites 
B)  Fire and weather events 
C)  Glaciers and earthquakes 
D)  Environmental and biological factors 
E)  Plate tectonics and climatic factors 
A)  Disease and parasites 
B)  Fire and weather events 
C)  Glaciers and earthquakes 
D)  Environmental and biological factors 
E)  Plate tectonics and climatic factors

Question 16

One group of fruit flies reproduces in August and one group reproduces in September. Which of the following mechanisms is preventing them from crossbreeding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual isolation 
B)  Diurnal isolation 
C)  Gametic isolation 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation 
A)  Sexual isolation 
B)  Diurnal isolation 
C)  Gametic isolation 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation

Question 17

A porpoise and a dolphin, both mammals, mate and produce an embryo, but the embryo fails to complete development. This event describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  hybrid inviability. 
C)  hybrid breakdown. 
D)  gametic isolation. 
E)  gestational abortion. 
A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  hybrid inviability. 
C)  hybrid breakdown. 
D)  gametic isolation. 
E)  gestational abortion.

Question 18

Identify three postzygotic barriers to reproduction and explain their effects on gene transfer.

Accepted Answer

Hybrid inviability is the death of inter

Question 19

Hybrid zones are typically ____, presumably because the hybrid organisms are not well adapted for either parental environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  rare 
B)  narrow 
C)  expansive 
D)  experimental 
E)  restricted to few biomes 
A)  rare 
B)  narrow 
C)  expansive 
D)  experimental 
E)  restricted to few biomes

Question 20

Which postzygotic barrier do mules illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temporal isolation 
B)  Hybrid inviability 
C)  Hybrid breakdown 
D)  Gametic isolation 
E)  Hybrid sterility 
A)  Temporal isolation 
B)  Hybrid inviability 
C)  Hybrid breakdown 
D)  Gametic isolation 
E)  Hybrid sterility

Exam 20: Speciation and Macroevolution

Which term indicates the evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time?

Hybrid inviability can increase over generations.

Compare allopatric and sympatric speciation.

The Hawthorne and apple maggot flies appear to have become reproductively isolated from each other largely because they:

Which mechanism prevents fish sperm from fertilizing frog eggs?

If two species have incompatible mating structures, then which reproductive isolation mechanism prevents them from mating?

Define paedomorphosis and allometric growth , and briefly explain how each contributes to the process of macroevolution.

A newly evolved species may take over an ecological role or ecological niche that is already occupied, provided that the new species has:

What possesses more than two sets of chromosomes and has played a major role in plant evolution?

Sympatric speciation is the most common method of speciation and accounts for almost all evolution of new animal species.

Which reproductive isolation mechanism explains why a large dog, such as a Newfoundland, would not normally mate with a small dog, such as a Chihuahua?

Reinforcement is an evolutionary process that occurs in a hybrid zone in which parental species adapt to two different communities, and the hybrids thrive in an area of transition between the parental communities.

Scientists supporting phyletic gradualism explain any period of stasis in the fossil record as stabilizing selection.

Which of these mechanisms is a postzygotic barrier to reproduction?

What are considered to be the two most important factors that have been involved in past mass extinctions?

One group of fruit flies reproduces in August and one group reproduces in September. Which of the following mechanisms is preventing them from crossbreeding?

A porpoise and a dolphin, both mammals, mate and produce an embryo, but the embryo fails to complete development. This event describes:

Identify three postzygotic barriers to reproduction and explain their effects on gene transfer.

Hybrid zones are typically ____, presumably because the hybrid organisms are not well adapted for either parental environment.

Which postzygotic barrier do mules illustrate?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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