Question 1

The distinctive mating signals that have evolved as part of an animal's courtship illustrate what type of reproductive isolating mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gametic isolation 
B)  Temporal isolation 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Mechanical isolation 
E)  Communicative isolation 
A)  Gametic isolation 
B)  Temporal isolation 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Mechanical isolation 
E)  Communicative isolation

Question 2

Explain why the biological species concept cannot be applied to bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The biological species concept applies o

Question 3

Which model would predict that populations diverge from one another through the slow accumulation of adaptive changes within each population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punctuated equilibrium 
B)  Paedomorphosis 
C)  Hybridization 
D)  Allopolyploidy 
E)  Gradualism 
A)  Punctuated equilibrium 
B)  Paedomorphosis 
C)  Hybridization 
D)  Allopolyploidy 
E)  Gradualism

Question 4

Based on the data in the figure, which is a likely reason for speciation between these two sympatric species of frogs? ​

Accepted Answer

A)  Allopolyploidy 
B)  Habitat isolation 
C)  Hybrid inviability 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation 
A)  Allopolyploidy 
B)  Habitat isolation 
C)  Hybrid inviability 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation

Question 5

Figure 20-1
 
The most common outcome of the process in the accompanying figure is no viable gametes. This happens because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid inviability. 
B)  defective meiosis. 
C)  gametic isolation. 
D)  species incompatibility. 
E)  a low rate of fertilization. 
A)  hybrid inviability. 
B)  defective meiosis. 
C)  gametic isolation. 
D)  species incompatibility. 
E)  a low rate of fertilization.

Question 6

Allopolyploidy is a significant factor in the evolution of which type of organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungi 
B)  Animals 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Protozoa 
E)  Flowering plants 
A)  Fungi 
B)  Animals 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Protozoa 
E)  Flowering plants

Question 7

Explain why the phylogenetic species concept presents more problems than the biological species concept.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The phylogenetic s

Question 8

Charles Darwin called choosing a mate based on its color or some other characteristic:

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual selection. 
B)  gamete selection. 
C)  sexual orientation. 
D)  gametic preference. 
E)  postzygotic selection. 
A)  sexual selection. 
B)  gamete selection. 
C)  sexual orientation. 
D)  gametic preference. 
E)  postzygotic selection.

Question 9

Which reproductive isolation mechanism is defined by the prevention of genetic exchange between two species because they reproduce at different times of the day or year?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diurnal isolation 
B)  Sexual isolation 
C)  Annual isolation 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation 
A)  Diurnal isolation 
B)  Sexual isolation 
C)  Annual isolation 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Mechanical isolation

Question 10

Which process refers to dramatic phenotypic changes that sometimes occur in evolution, such as the appearance of feathered wings during the evolution of birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gradualism 
B)  Allopolyploidy 
C)  Macroevolution 
D)  Paedomorphosis 
E)  Microevolution 
A)  Gradualism 
B)  Allopolyploidy 
C)  Macroevolution 
D)  Paedomorphosis 
E)  Microevolution

Question 11

What is most likely to occur if a parasite accidentally introduced into the Great Lakes kills 95% of all living organisms living in the lakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fusion in a hybrid zone 
B)  Evolution of a surviving organism 
C)  Mass extinction of the surviving organisms 
D)  Adaptive radiation of the surviving populations 
E)  Allopatric speciation in the surviving organisms 
A)  Fusion in a hybrid zone 
B)  Evolution of a surviving organism 
C)  Mass extinction of the surviving organisms 
D)  Adaptive radiation of the surviving populations 
E)  Allopatric speciation in the surviving organisms

Question 12

The continuous, low-level extinction rate of species is sometimes called:

Accepted Answer

A)  mass extinction. 
B)  minimal extinction. 
C)  selective extinction. 
D)  temporal extinction. 
E)  background extinction. 
A)  mass extinction. 
B)  minimal extinction. 
C)  selective extinction. 
D)  temporal extinction. 
E)  background extinction.

Question 13

Briefly describe the possible outcomes if a population of allopolyploids were to evolve in an area into a new species.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The new species ma

Question 14

Sexual isolation occurs when the egg proteins bind only complementary molecules on species specific sperm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which refers to the variations in rates of growth for different parts of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allopolyploidy 
B)  Preadaptations 
C)  Adaptive growth 
D)  Allopatric growth patterns 
E)  Allometric growth patterns 
A)  Allopolyploidy 
B)  Preadaptations 
C)  Adaptive growth 
D)  Allopatric growth patterns 
E)  Allometric growth patterns

Question 16

Which best describes a population that forms a new species within the same geographical region as the original species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allopatric speciation 
B)  Sympatric speciation 
C)  Parapatric speciation 
D)  Autologous speciation 
E)  Heterogeneous speciation 
A)  Allopatric speciation 
B)  Sympatric speciation 
C)  Parapatric speciation 
D)  Autologous speciation 
E)  Heterogeneous speciation

Question 17

Darwin recognized that female preference for showy colors based on inheritance causes these male traits to become more common over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which are the mechanisms that prevent interbreeding between two different species whose ranges overlap?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allopatric isolating mechanisms 
B)  Sympatric isolating mechanisms 
C)  Equilibrium isolating mechanisms 
D)  Preadaptive isolating mechanisms 
E)  Reproductive isolating mechanisms 
A)  Allopatric isolating mechanisms 
B)  Sympatric isolating mechanisms 
C)  Equilibrium isolating mechanisms 
D)  Preadaptive isolating mechanisms 
E)  Reproductive isolating mechanisms

Question 19

Allopatric speciation is often exemplified in which type of geographical area or biome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Islands 
B)  Deep sea 
C)  Grasslands 
D)  Mountain ranges 
E)  Rainforest canopy 
A)  Islands 
B)  Deep sea 
C)  Grasslands 
D)  Mountain ranges 
E)  Rainforest canopy

Question 20

Two mammals, a sheep and a goat, produce offspring. Only the F 1 and F 2 generations produce fertile offspring. This occurs as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  hybrid sterility. 
C)  microevolution. 
D)  hybrid inviability. 
E)  hybrid breakdown. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  hybrid sterility. 
C)  microevolution. 
D)  hybrid inviability. 
E)  hybrid breakdown.

Exam 20: Speciation and Macroevolution

The distinctive mating signals that have evolved as part of an animal's courtship illustrate what type of reproductive isolating mechanism?

Explain why the biological species concept cannot be applied to bacteria.

Which model would predict that populations diverge from one another through the slow accumulation of adaptive changes within each population?

Based on the data in the figure, which is a likely reason for speciation between these two sympatric species of frogs? ​

Figure 20-1 The most common outcome of the process in the accompanying figure is no viable gametes. This happens because of:

Allopolyploidy is a significant factor in the evolution of which type of organism?

Explain why the phylogenetic species concept presents more problems than the biological species concept.

Charles Darwin called choosing a mate based on its color or some other characteristic:

Which reproductive isolation mechanism is defined by the prevention of genetic exchange between two species because they reproduce at different times of the day or year?

Which process refers to dramatic phenotypic changes that sometimes occur in evolution, such as the appearance of feathered wings during the evolution of birds?

What is most likely to occur if a parasite accidentally introduced into the Great Lakes kills 95% of all living organisms living in the lakes?

The continuous, low-level extinction rate of species is sometimes called:

Briefly describe the possible outcomes if a population of allopolyploids were to evolve in an area into a new species.

Sexual isolation occurs when the egg proteins bind only complementary molecules on species specific sperm.

Which refers to the variations in rates of growth for different parts of the body?

Which best describes a population that forms a new species within the same geographical region as the original species?

Darwin recognized that female preference for showy colors based on inheritance causes these male traits to become more common over time.

Which are the mechanisms that prevent interbreeding between two different species whose ranges overlap?

Allopatric speciation is often exemplified in which type of geographical area or biome?

Two mammals, a sheep and a goat, produce offspring. Only the F 1 and F 2 generations produce fertile offspring. This occurs as a result of:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Based on the data in the figure, which is a likely reason for speciation between these two sympatric species of frogs?

Two mammals, a sheep and a goat, produce offspring. Only the F ₁ and F ₂ generations produce fertile offspring. This occurs as a result of: