Question 1

In males, the ____ transports _____ and _____ to the outside.

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter; carbon dioxide; urine 
B)  nephron; uric acid; urine 
C)  renal papilla; estrogen; urea 
D)  urethra; semen; urine 
E)  urethra; urine; carbon dioxide 
A)  ureter; carbon dioxide; urine 
B)  nephron; uric acid; urine 
C)  renal papilla; estrogen; urea 
D)  urethra; semen; urine 
E)  urethra; urine; carbon dioxide

Question 2

Which mechanism do snails and wood lice use to rid themselves of toxic ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Convert it to uric acid 
B)  Convert it of amino acids 
C)  Convert it to urea 
D)  Store it in tissues 
E)  Vent it to the air 
A)  Convert it to uric acid 
B)  Convert it of amino acids 
C)  Convert it to urea 
D)  Store it in tissues 
E)  Vent it to the air

Question 3

Describe how the function of the vertebrate kidney has contributed to the success of vertebrates in a wide variety of habitats.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Vertebrate kidney

Question 4

Figure 48-2 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure in terms of a marine environment. What is the function of the structure labeled as A?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salt excretion 
B)  Water gain by osmosis 
C)  Drinking 
D)  Removal of salts and nitrogenous wastes from the blood 
E)  Release of nitrogenous wastes 
A)  Salt excretion 
B)  Water gain by osmosis 
C)  Drinking 
D)  Removal of salts and nitrogenous wastes from the blood 
E)  Release of nitrogenous wastes

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: excreted by birds and some reptiles

Accepted Answer

The Answer of urea and ammonia and uric acid is...

Question 6

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to sodium so more is reabsorbed. 
B)  It causes a high volume of less concentrated urine to be produced. 
C)  It increases aldosterone secretion. 
D)  It decreases renin secretion. 
E)  It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water so more is reabsorbed. 
A)  It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to sodium so more is reabsorbed. 
B)  It causes a high volume of less concentrated urine to be produced. 
C)  It increases aldosterone secretion. 
D)  It decreases renin secretion. 
E)  It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water so more is reabsorbed.

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: the number of particles produces when a solute dissolves

Accepted Answer

The Answer of osmoregulation and osmoregulators and osmoconformers and excretion is...

Question 8

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with the production of ammonia, urea, and uric acid.

Accepted Answer

Ammonia is the direct product of deamina

Question 9

Urine flows from the ureters directly into the urethra.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The main nitrogenous waste of freshwater fishes is

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  purines. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  purines.

Question 11

Match between columns
                        Premises: the main function of this structure is to set up a salt concentration gradient

Accepted Answer

The Answer of proximal convoluted tubule and ureter and glomerulus is...

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: most of the reabsorption occurs as the filtrate passes through this structure

Accepted Answer

The Answer of glomerulus and loop of Henle and distal is...

Question 13

Which portion of the renal tubule empties directly into the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Distal convoluted tubule 
C)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  Descending loop of Henle 
E)  Ascending loop of Henle 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Distal convoluted tubule 
C)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  Descending loop of Henle 
E)  Ascending loop of Henle

Question 14

Which of the following is only partially reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Sodium ions 
D)  Vitamins 
E)  Nutrients 
A)  Glucose 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Sodium ions 
D)  Vitamins 
E)  Nutrients

Question 15

Metanephridial organs are common in

Accepted Answer

A)  mollusks. 
B)  flatworms. 
C)  cnidarians. 
D)  sponges. 
E)  insects. 
A)  mollusks. 
B)  flatworms. 
C)  cnidarians. 
D)  sponges. 
E)  insects.

Question 16

The nephridial organs of flatworms are called metanephridia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which statement about the Malpighian tubules is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water and some solutes are transported into the Malpighian tubules via active transport. 
B)  The Malpighian tubules empty into the gut of the insect. 
C)  Water, some salts, and other solutes are reabsorbed into the hemolymph in the rectum. 
D)  The excretory system of an insect may contain up to several hundred Malpighian tubules. 
E)  The blind ends of the Malpighian tubules are bathed in hemolymph. 
A)  Water and some solutes are transported into the Malpighian tubules via active transport. 
B)  The Malpighian tubules empty into the gut of the insect. 
C)  Water, some salts, and other solutes are reabsorbed into the hemolymph in the rectum. 
D)  The excretory system of an insect may contain up to several hundred Malpighian tubules. 
E)  The blind ends of the Malpighian tubules are bathed in hemolymph.

Question 18

The outermost region of the kidney is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  adventitia. 
B)  mucosa. 
C)  pelvis. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  medulla. 
A)  adventitia. 
B)  mucosa. 
C)  pelvis. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  medulla.

Question 19

Figure 48-3 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. Reabsorption of water occurs at the point(s) labeled as

Accepted Answer

A)  3 and 9. 
B)  5 and 8. 
C)  6 and 10. 
D)  8 and 10. 
E)  only 10. 
A)  3 and 9. 
B)  5 and 8. 
C)  6 and 10. 
D)  8 and 10. 
E)  only 10.

Question 20

When the blood becomes too acidic, the ________ secrete more ______ ions into the urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting ducts; hydrogen 
B)  proximal tubules; sodium 
C)  distal tubules; bicarbonate 
D)  collecting ducts; calcium 
E)  proximal tubules; hydrogen 
A)  collecting ducts; hydrogen 
B)  proximal tubules; sodium 
C)  distal tubules; bicarbonate 
D)  collecting ducts; calcium 
E)  proximal tubules; hydrogen

Exam 48: Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

In males, the ____ transports _____ and _____ to the outside.

Which mechanism do snails and wood lice use to rid themselves of toxic ammonia?

Describe how the function of the vertebrate kidney has contributed to the success of vertebrates in a wide variety of habitats.

Figure 48-2 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure in terms of a marine environment. What is the function of the structure labeled as A?

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with the production of ammonia, urea, and uric acid.

Urine flows from the ureters directly into the urethra.

The main nitrogenous waste of freshwater fishes is

Which portion of the renal tubule empties directly into the collecting duct?

Which of the following is only partially reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Metanephridial organs are common in

The nephridial organs of flatworms are called metanephridia.

Which statement about the Malpighian tubules is FALSE?

The outermost region of the kidney is called the

Figure 48-3 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. Reabsorption of water occurs at the point(s) labeled as

When the blood becomes too acidic, the ________ secrete more ______ ions into the urine.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

In males, the __ transports _ and ___ to the outside.

Figure 48-2 Refer to the accompanying figure in terms of a marine environment. What is the function of the structure labeled as A?

Figure 48-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Reabsorption of water occurs at the point(s) labeled as

When the blood becomes too acidic, the __ secrete more ions into the urine.