Question 1

Which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Information enters memory by passing through a number of levels,beginning with sensory memory,then short-term memory,then long-term memory. 
B) Events that are repeated enough can influence our behavior,even after we have forgotten the original events. 
C) Deep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better processing. 
D) People who were sad when they studied did better when they were sad during testing. 
A) Information enters memory by passing through a number of levels,beginning with sensory memory,then short-term memory,then long-term memory. 
B) Events that are repeated enough can influence our behavior,even after we have forgotten the original events. 
C) Deep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better processing. 
D) People who were sad when they studied did better when they were sad during testing.

Question 2

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A) lead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference. 
B) produce some short-term remembering,but fail to produce longer-term memories. 
C) cause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory. 
D) lead to effective autobiographical memories. 
A) lead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference. 
B) produce some short-term remembering,but fail to produce longer-term memories. 
C) cause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory. 
D) lead to effective autobiographical memories.

Question 3

Compare and contrast levels-of-processing theory with transfer-appropriate processing.Describe experimental results for both and highlight their significance to our understanding of memory.

Accepted Answer

Levels-of-processing theory and transfer

Question 4

Describe and compare maintenance and elaborative rehearsal,including a discussion of the "procedures" associated with each type.Indicate separate examples for which each type of rehearsal is best suited.Also,describe experimental results that illustrate how effective each type of rehearsal is at establishing durable long-term memories.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal and elaborative re

Question 5

Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on

Accepted Answer

A) levels of processing. 
B) depth of processing. 
C) transfer-appropriate processing. 
D) reconsolidation. 
A) levels of processing. 
B) depth of processing. 
C) transfer-appropriate processing. 
D) reconsolidation.

Question 6

Free recall of the stimulus list "apple,desk,shoe,sofa,plum,chair,cherry,coat,lamp,pants" will most likely yield which of these response patterns?

Accepted Answer

A) "apple,desk,shoe,coat,lamp,pants" 
B) "apple,desk,shoe,sofa,plum,chair,cherry,coat,lamp,pants" 
C) "apple,cherry,plum,shoe,coat,lamp,chair,pants" 
D) "apple,chair,cherry,coat,desk,lamp,plum,shoe,sofa" 
A) "apple,desk,shoe,coat,lamp,pants" 
B) "apple,desk,shoe,sofa,plum,chair,cherry,coat,lamp,pants" 
C) "apple,cherry,plum,shoe,coat,lamp,chair,pants" 
D) "apple,chair,cherry,coat,desk,lamp,plum,shoe,sofa"

Question 7

consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale,lasting weeks,months,or even years.

Accepted Answer

A) Remote 
B) Standard 
C) Systems 
D) Synaptic 
A) Remote 
B) Standard 
C) Systems 
D) Synaptic

Question 8

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as

Accepted Answer

A) memory consolidation. 
B) repetition priming. 
C) encoding specificity. 
D) a self-reference effect. 
A) memory consolidation. 
B) repetition priming. 
C) encoding specificity. 
D) a self-reference effect.

Question 9

Students,beware! Research shows thatdoes not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material.

Accepted Answer

A) organization 
B) highlighting 
C) making up questions about the material 
D) feedback 
A) organization 
B) highlighting 
C) making up questions about the material 
D) feedback

Question 10

Graded amnesia occurs because

Accepted Answer

A) remote memories are more connected to the hippocampus than recent memories. 
B) recent memories are more connected to the hippocampus than remote memories. 
C) emotional memories are more connected to the amygdala than nonemotional memories. 
D) nonemotional memories are more connected to the amygdala than emotional memories. 
A) remote memories are more connected to the hippocampus than recent memories. 
B) recent memories are more connected to the hippocampus than remote memories. 
C) emotional memories are more connected to the amygdala than nonemotional memories. 
D) nonemotional memories are more connected to the amygdala than emotional memories.

Question 11

Which of the following learning techniques is LEAST likely to lead to deep processing of the information?

Accepted Answer

A) Trevor is trying to understand how to use statistics by drawing associations between a set of data describing how adolescents respond to peer pressure and the theories he learned last semester in developmental psychology. 
B) Maggie is trying to learn new vocabulary words because she is taking the SAT next month.Each day,she selects one word.Throughout the day,she repeats the definition over and over to herself and generates sentences using it in her conversations that day. 
C) Bree has just bought a new car and is trying to learn her new license plate sequence.Every morning,for three weeks,she repeats the sequence out loud when she wakes up. 
D) For his history course,Bruce is trying to learn the order of the U.S.presidents by creating a silly sentence where each consecutive word starts with the same letter of the next president to be remembered. 
A) Trevor is trying to understand how to use statistics by drawing associations between a set of data describing how adolescents respond to peer pressure and the theories he learned last semester in developmental psychology. 
B) Maggie is trying to learn new vocabulary words because she is taking the SAT next month.Each day,she selects one word.Throughout the day,she repeats the definition over and over to herself and generates sentences using it in her conversations that day. 
C) Bree has just bought a new car and is trying to learn her new license plate sequence.Every morning,for three weeks,she repeats the sequence out loud when she wakes up. 
D) For his history course,Bruce is trying to learn the order of the U.S.presidents by creating a silly sentence where each consecutive word starts with the same letter of the next president to be remembered.

Question 12

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories,even ones from a long time ago,can be stimulated by locations,songs,and smells highlight the importance ofin LTM.

Accepted Answer

A) long-term potentiation 
B) retrieval cues 
C) elaborative rehearsal 
D) mass practice 
A) long-term potentiation 
B) retrieval cues 
C) elaborative rehearsal 
D) mass practice

Question 13

Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Last night,at the grocery store,Cole ran into a psychology professor he took a class with three semesters ago.He recognized her right away. 
B) Even though Walt hasn't been to the beach cottage his parents owned since he was a child,he still has many fond memories of time spent there as a family. 
C) Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love,Steve,she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to)plays on the radio. 
D) Alexis always suffers test anxiety in her classes.To combat this,she tries to relax when she studies.She thinks it's best to study while lying in bed,reading by candlelight with soft music playing. 
A) Last night,at the grocery store,Cole ran into a psychology professor he took a class with three semesters ago.He recognized her right away. 
B) Even though Walt hasn't been to the beach cottage his parents owned since he was a child,he still has many fond memories of time spent there as a family. 
C) Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love,Steve,she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to)plays on the radio. 
D) Alexis always suffers test anxiety in her classes.To combat this,she tries to relax when she studies.She thinks it's best to study while lying in bed,reading by candlelight with soft music playing.

Question 14

Your text describes the process of consolidation regarding forming memories in the brain.Early research on consolidation led to the proposal of the standard model of consolidation.Begin your essay by explaining what the standard model claims about the role of the hippocampus in consolidation and the experimental results to support it.Then,describe the more recent research and experimental results that pose a challenge to the standard model.

Accepted Answer

The standard model of consolidation prop

Question 15

Memory for a word will tend to be better if the word is used in a complex sentence (like "the bicycle was blue,with high handlebars and a racing seat")rather than a simple sentence (like "he rode the bicycle").This probably occurs because the complex sentence

Accepted Answer

A) causes more rehearsal. 
B) takes longer to process. 
C) creates more connections. 
D) is more interesting. 
A) causes more rehearsal. 
B) takes longer to process. 
C) creates more connections. 
D) is more interesting.

Question 16

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forget what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination.As soon as they return to the first room,they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place.This common experience best illustrates the principle of

Accepted Answer

A) the self-reference effect. 
B) maintenance rehearsal. 
C) levels of processing theory. 
D) encoding specificity. 
A) the self-reference effect. 
B) maintenance rehearsal. 
C) levels of processing theory. 
D) encoding specificity.

Question 17

Your text explains what memory research tells us about studying.Name and describe the five techniques for improving learning and memory given in the text's discussion,and what experimental result supports each technique.

Accepted Answer

The five techniques for improving learni

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how effective or ineffective maintenance rehearsal is in transferring information into LTM?

Accepted Answer

A) Lilia recalls her grandmother's house where she grew up,even though she hasn't been there for 22 years. 
B) Ben learned his martial arts moves by making up "short stories" and mental images to describe each movement. 
C) Renee starred in the lead role of her high school play a few years ago.Although she helped write the play and based her character on her own life,she cannot remember many of the actual lines of dialogue anymore. 
D) Serena's keys were stolen from her purse.She cannot give a detailed description of her keychain to the police,even though she used it every day for three years. 
A) Lilia recalls her grandmother's house where she grew up,even though she hasn't been there for 22 years. 
B) Ben learned his martial arts moves by making up "short stories" and mental images to describe each movement. 
C) Renee starred in the lead role of her high school play a few years ago.Although she helped write the play and based her character on her own life,she cannot remember many of the actual lines of dialogue anymore. 
D) Serena's keys were stolen from her purse.She cannot give a detailed description of her keychain to the police,even though she used it every day for three years.

Question 19

Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) repeating it over and over. 
B) linking the new word to a previously learned concept. 
C) using it in a sentence. 
D) thinking of its synonyms and antonyms. 
A) repeating it over and over. 
B) linking the new word to a previously learned concept. 
C) using it in a sentence. 
D) thinking of its synonyms and antonyms.

Question 20

According to your text,imagery enhances memory because

Accepted Answer

A) research shows people like pictures better than words,so there is an enhanced emotional response. 
B) the brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words. 
C) imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered. 
D) pictures fit better with our basic instincts because children learn pictures before reading words. 
A) research shows people like pictures better than words,so there is an enhanced emotional response. 
B) the brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words. 
C) imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered. 
D) pictures fit better with our basic instincts because children learn pictures before reading words.

Which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory?

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to

Compare and contrast levels-of-processing theory with transfer-appropriate processing.Describe experimental results for both and highlight their significance to our understanding of memory.

Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on

Free recall of the stimulus list "apple,desk,shoe,sofa,plum,chair,cherry,coat,lamp,pants" will most likely yield which of these response patterns?

consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale,lasting weeks,months,or even years.

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as

Students,beware! Research shows thatdoes not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material.

Graded amnesia occurs because

Which of the following learning techniques is LEAST likely to lead to deep processing of the information?

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories,even ones from a long time ago,can be stimulated by locations,songs,and smells highlight the importance ofin LTM.

Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning?

Memory for a word will tend to be better if the word is used in a complex sentence (like "the bicycle was blue,with high handlebars and a racing seat")rather than a simple sentence (like "he rode the bicycle").This probably occurs because the complex sentence

Your text explains what memory research tells us about studying.Name and describe the five techniques for improving learning and memory given in the text's discussion,and what experimental result supports each technique.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how effective or ineffective maintenance rehearsal is in transferring information into LTM?

Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by

According to your text,imagery enhances memory because

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception.

Attention.

Short term and Working Memory.

Long term Memory: Structure

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge.

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving.

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters

Exam 7: Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation.

Which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory?

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to

Compare and contrast levels-of-processing theory with transfer-appropriate processing.Describe experimental results for both and highlight their significance to our understanding of memory.

Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on

Free recall of the stimulus list "apple,desk,shoe,sofa,plum,chair,cherry,coat,lamp,pants" will most likely yield which of these response patterns?

consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale,lasting weeks,months,or even years.

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as

Students,beware! Research shows thatdoes not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material.

Graded amnesia occurs because

Which of the following learning techniques is LEAST likely to lead to deep processing of the information?

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories,even ones from a long time ago,can be stimulated by locations,songs,and smells highlight the importance ofin LTM.

Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning?

Memory for a word will tend to be better if the word is used in a complex sentence (like "the bicycle was blue,with high handlebars and a racing seat")rather than a simple sentence (like "he rode the bicycle").This probably occurs because the complex sentence

Your text explains what memory research tells us about studying.Name and describe the five techniques for improving learning and memory given in the text's discussion,and what experimental result supports each technique.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how effective or ineffective maintenance rehearsal is in transferring information into LTM?

Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by

According to your text,imagery enhances memory because

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception.

Attention.

Short term and Working Memory.

Long term Memory: Structure

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge.

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving.

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters