Exam 13: Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Which concept below is most closely associated with the evolutionary perspective to solving the Wason four-card problem?

Mr.Huff always passes back exams to his algebra class in descending order (the highest grade is handed out first).Today,Maddelyn was the first to receive her exam.Joy complained,remarking,"Maddelyn,you always get the highest grade in algebra.It was true all last year and so far this year." Maddelyn was not sure if this was correct. To figure out if this was true,Maddelyn should

Imagine that your friend James has just taken up the habit of smoking cigars because he thinks it makes him look cool.You are concerned about the detrimental effects of smoking on his health,and you raise that concern to him.James gets a bit annoyed with your criticism and says "George Burns smoked cigars,and he lived to be 100!" You might point out that a major problem with his "George Burns" argument involves

Failing to consider the law of large numbers most likely results in errors concerning

Consider the following syllogism: If p then q.p Q This syllogism is a(n)syllogism.

Gabrielle is blonde,extremely attractive,and lives in an expensive condo.If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model,we are using

Sanfey and coworkers' "ultimatum game" experiment revealed that people tended to make thedecision of ____.

Describe and give examples of how each of the following cause errors in reasoning: availability heuristic,illusory correlations,representative heuristic,and confirmation bias.

When the "abstract" version of the Wason four-card problem is compared to a "concrete" version of the problem (in which beer,soda,and ages are substituted for the letters and numbers),

In an experiment that combined both physiological and behavioral approaches to the study of decision making,PFC activity was recorded while participants accepted or rejected proposals to split a sum of money ($10).PFC activation was

Glinda is sure that if her boyfriend proposes,she will feel elation.This is an example of an

Discuss how a person's judgments are affected by the way choices are framed.Give an example of a choice framed in terms of gains.Give another example of a choice framed in terms of losses.Which decision-making strategy is likely used in each case? Why?

Josiah is trying to decide whether or not to take a new job in a new city.He is worried that if he takes the job and fails,he will suffer from intense anxiety and depression.This is an example of

At a lunch meeting with a client,the CEO of Gossip Polls,Inc. ,was asked to determine America's favorite day of the week.Hundreds of Gossip employees across the U.S.started collecting data immediately,calling people at their residences.One hour later,the attitudes from 10,000 Americans,across all 50 states,were collected.A staff member called the CEO,still at her lunch meeting,to tell her the results of the poll: America's favorite day of the week is Monday.Given your text's discussion of inductive reasoning in science,we might suspect that the observations in this poll are not representative because

Consider the following argument: Observation: Here in Nashville,the sun has risen every morning.Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow.

Many people receive unsolicited calls from telemarketers or unwanted "junk" mailers advertising offers for products such as cable or internet services or cellular phone companies.Most people do not consider these offers and do not make a change to the plans or services that they receive because they do not want to make a decision that requires serious consideration or thought.This is an example of thebias.

Given its definition,expected utility theory is most applicable to deciding whether to

Consider the following conditional syllogism: Premise 1: If I don't eat lunch today,I will be hungry tonight.Premise 2: I ate lunch today. Conclusion: Therefore,I wasn't hungry tonight. This syllogism is

Wally and Sharon are out on a date.When Sharon asks Wally where they should go for dinner,Wally says "My coworkers keep telling me about that new Japanese place downtown,so it must be a great place to eat." Wally's response illustrates the use of a(n)

The validity of a syllogism depends on