Exam 13: Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

If a motorcycle cop believes that young female drivers speed more than other drivers,he will likely notice young female drivers speeding in the fast lane but fail to notice young male or older drivers doing the same.In this case,the police officer's judgments are biased by the operation of the

"You can't have any pudding unless you eat your meat," says a man to his son at the dinner table.This is an Example of

Juanita is in a convenience store considering which soda to buy.She recalls a commercial for BigFizz she saw on TV last night.BigFizz is running a promotion where you look under the bottle cap,and one in five bottles has a voucher for a free soda.If Juanita decides to purchase a BigFizz based on this promotion,which is framed in terms of,she will use astrategy.

Describe the four types of conditional syllogisms.For each type,identify which are valid and how well people judge the validity of each.

The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's

People tend to overestimate

Consider the following syllogism: All cats are birds.All birds have wings.All cats have wings. This syllogism is

Cosmides and Tooby tested participants' ability to solve variations of the Wason problem,including ones containing stories about a particular culture.Their results showed thatis not always necessary for conditional reasoning.

Define the utility approach to decisions.Explain how emotions affect decisions from this perspective.

Utility refers to

The rule of the Wason four-card problem is,"If there is a vowel on one side,then there is an even number on the other side." Let's say you are presented with A,8,M,and 13,each showing on one of four cards.To see if the rule is valid,you would have to turn over the cards showing

The tendency to think that a syllogism is valid if its conclusion is believable is called the.

Consider the following syllogism: If it's a robin then it is a bird. It is a bird. Therefore,it is a robin. In the example above,"Therefore,it is a robin" is aof asyllogism.

Jonas bought a new leather jacket after saving for many months for the luxury purchase.On the first day he went out wearing the new garment,he found a $50 bill on the sidewalk outside of his office.He now refers to the jacket as his "lucky jacket" and believes that it has some magical power to give him good fortune.Jonas's belief in the jacket's cosmic ability is an example of

Consider the following syllogism: Premise 1: All dogs are cats. Premise 2: All cats say "meow." Conclusion: Therefore,all dogs say "meow." Which statement below describes this syllogism?

What is a categorical syllogism? How well can people judge the validity of categorical syllogisms,and what is the difference between validity and truth in syllogistic reasoning?

There are two gumball machines outside the local grocery store,one large machine and one small machine.Both machines have only yellow and orange gumballs,and each machine contains 50 percent of each color.For each coin,the large gumball machine dispenses 15 gumballs,while the small machine dispenses 5.Tim is a young genius whose interests include probability and sound decision-making.His "probability project of the day" is to get a greater percentage of either of the colors,but not an equal amount of each color.Given this,and presuming Tim has only one coin,

Research in neuroeconomics has found that the function of themay be to deal with the cognitive demands of a given task,while theis responsible for handling emotional goals such as resenting an unfair outcome.

Which of the following statements would most likely invoke the operation of a permission schema?

Donovan volunteers his time to campaign for Joel Goodman.He spent all afternoon putting up "Goodman for Congress" signs around his town and arrived back at Goodman headquarters just in time to watch the Goodman- Hernandez debate on TV.Donovan was eager to watch the candidates debate each other,even though he was 100% sure he was going to vote for Goodman.Donovan's first response to the debate will most likely be