Question 1

When considering the complexity of genetic material,multiple genes are found within a chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which molecule is responsible for separating double-stranded DNA into single strands?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA primase 
B) DNA helicase 
C) topoisomerase 
D) DNA ligase 
E) single-stranded binding proteins 
A) DNA primase 
B) DNA helicase 
C) topoisomerase 
D) DNA ligase 
E) single-stranded binding proteins

Question 3

Without data from the base composition studies of Chargoff,what might Watson and Crick's modeling studies have erroneously concluded?

Accepted Answer

A) Bases could pair with themselves (e.g.A with A,C with 
C)  
B) Any purine could pair with any purine 
C) Any pyrimidine could pair with any pyrimidine 
D) Any purine could pair with any purine and any pyrimidine could pair with any pyrimidine 
E) Any purine could pair with any pyrimidine 
A) Bases could pair with themselves (e.g.A with A,C with 
C)  
B) Any purine could pair with any purine 
C) Any pyrimidine could pair with any pyrimidine 
D) Any purine could pair with any purine and any pyrimidine could pair with any pyrimidine 
E) Any purine could pair with any pyrimidine

Question 4

Which purine base forms 3 hydrogen bonds when binding its complementary nucleotide base?

Accepted Answer

A) guanine 
B) cytosine 
C) thymine 
D) uracil 
E) adenine 
A) guanine 
B) cytosine 
C) thymine 
D) uracil 
E) adenine

Question 5

DNA is a double helix structure whose strands are held together by hydrogen bonds with A to T and C to G base pairing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Griffith first proposed the "transformation principle" through his studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium.What molecule was later found to be responsible for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) protein 
B) RNA 
C) DNA 
D) phage 
E) bacteriophage 
A) protein 
B) RNA 
C) DNA 
D) phage 
E) bacteriophage

Question 7

What is the complement DNA strand to 5'-ATTCGGTGA-3'?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-TAAGCCACT-3' 
B) 3'-CGGATTGTC-5' 
C) 5'-CGGATTGTC-3' 
D) 3'-TAAGCCACT-5' 
E) 3'-ATTCGGTGA-5' 
A) 5'-TAAGCCACT-3' 
B) 3'-CGGATTGTC-5' 
C) 5'-CGGATTGTC-3' 
D) 3'-TAAGCCACT-5' 
E) 3'-ATTCGGTGA-5'

Question 8

Which statement about DNA replication is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) It begins at multiple origins of replication sites along eukaryotic chromosomes. 
B) It proceeds with the addition of new nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand. 
C) It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. 
D) Each strand within the DNA double helix is used as a template for synthesis of a new stranD. 
E) It requires that each strand in the double helix be separated from the other. 
A) It begins at multiple origins of replication sites along eukaryotic chromosomes. 
B) It proceeds with the addition of new nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand. 
C) It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. 
D) Each strand within the DNA double helix is used as a template for synthesis of a new stranD. 
E) It requires that each strand in the double helix be separated from the other.

Question 9

Bacteria are grown in 15N (heavy)medium and then transferred to 14N (light)medium and are allowed to replicate for 2 generations.The DNA is subsequently isolated and centrifuged in a CsCl2 gradient to yield what type of gradient band(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) one heavy band 
B) one light band 
C) one half-heavy (intermediate to heavy and light)band 
D) one heavy and one half-heavy band 
E) one light and one half-heavy band 
A) one heavy band 
B) one light band 
C) one half-heavy (intermediate to heavy and light)band 
D) one heavy and one half-heavy band 
E) one light and one half-heavy band

Question 10

The building blocks of DNA are

Accepted Answer

A) genes. 
B) double helices. 
C) amino acids. 
D) nucleotides. 
E) chromosomes. 
A) genes. 
B) double helices. 
C) amino acids. 
D) nucleotides. 
E) chromosomes.

Question 11

Which statement best describes DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A) It is an enzyme required to produce a primer needed for DNA replication. 
B) It is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 5'end of a growing DNA strand. 
C) It is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand. 
D) It is an enzyme required to glue pieces of DNA fragments together. 
E) It is an enzyme that polymerizes the DNA and keeps the replication fork open. 
A) It is an enzyme required to produce a primer needed for DNA replication. 
B) It is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 5'end of a growing DNA strand. 
C) It is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand. 
D) It is an enzyme required to glue pieces of DNA fragments together. 
E) It is an enzyme that polymerizes the DNA and keeps the replication fork open.

Question 12

Okazaki fragments are sequences of DNA most often found on the lagging strand of DNA during DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What can be said about interphase chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted,overlapping,and intertwined with each other within the nucleus. 
B) Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted and do not associate with histones until the cell is preparing to divide. 
C) Interphase chromosomes are also known as euchromatin.Condensed,metaphase chromosomes are also known as heterochromatin. 
D) Interphase chromosomes contain radial loops that are formed due to interactions between histone proteins and intermediate filaments. 
A) Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted,overlapping,and intertwined with each other within the nucleus. 
B) Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted and do not associate with histones until the cell is preparing to divide. 
C) Interphase chromosomes are also known as euchromatin.Condensed,metaphase chromosomes are also known as heterochromatin. 
D) Interphase chromosomes contain radial loops that are formed due to interactions between histone proteins and intermediate filaments.

Question 14

During DNA replication,proteins that are important for separating the DNA strands and allowing movement of the replication fork include each of these EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase. 
B) helicase. 
C) topoisomerase. 
D) single-stranded binding proteins. 
E) both helicase and topoisomerasE. 
A) DNA polymerase. 
B) helicase. 
C) topoisomerase. 
D) single-stranded binding proteins. 
E) both helicase and topoisomerasE.

Question 15

Which relationship about nucleotide composition in DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) C+G=A+T 
B) C+A=G+T 
C) C=A 
D) G=T 
E) C=T 
A) C+G=A+T 
B) C+A=G+T 
C) C=A 
D) G=T 
E) C=T

Question 16

Who discovered that DNA was the genetic material or transforming factor that could convert nonvirulent R-type Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium to the virulent S-type?

Accepted Answer

A) Weismann and Nageli 
B) Griffith 
C) Avery,MacLeod,and McCarty 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Watson,Crick,Wilkins,and Franklin 
A) Weismann and Nageli 
B) Griffith 
C) Avery,MacLeod,and McCarty 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Watson,Crick,Wilkins,and Franklin

Question 17

What is true of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

A) Many active genes are found in heterochromatin,because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA. 
B) Many active genes are found in euchromatin,because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA. 
C) Euchromatin is most easily viewed in interphase cells. 
D) Heterochromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before DNA can be replicateD. 
E) Euchromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before DNA can be replicated. 
A) Many active genes are found in heterochromatin,because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA. 
B) Many active genes are found in euchromatin,because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA. 
C) Euchromatin is most easily viewed in interphase cells. 
D) Heterochromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before DNA can be replicateD. 
E) Euchromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before DNA can be replicated.

Question 18

What is NOT a criterion for an organism's genetic material?

Accepted Answer

A) The genetic material must contain information necessary to construct a whole organism. 
B) The genetic material must be transmitted from parent to offspring. 
C) To transmit information the genetic material must be replicated. 
D) The genetic material must be dynamic,changing rapidly in response to changes in the environment. 
E) Genetic material must account for the known variation within each species and among different species. 
A) The genetic material must contain information necessary to construct a whole organism. 
B) The genetic material must be transmitted from parent to offspring. 
C) To transmit information the genetic material must be replicated. 
D) The genetic material must be dynamic,changing rapidly in response to changes in the environment. 
E) Genetic material must account for the known variation within each species and among different species.

Question 19

Why is there a need to produce Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand,but not on the leading strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) The two parental strands of DNA are antiparallel and DNA polymerase makes DNA in the 5' to 3'direction only. 
B) It is substantially more efficient to make several shorter strands rather than one longer strand of DNA. 
C) There is not enough cellular DNA ligase for bonding Okazaki fragments together if they were produced from both parental strands. 
D) By having one leading strand and one lagging strand the cell can limit the amount of DNA polymerase used for chromosomal replication. 
E) The leading strand opens first,and so Okazaki fragments are not needed.The lagging strand unwinds second resulting in the need to produce Okazaki fragments. 
A) The two parental strands of DNA are antiparallel and DNA polymerase makes DNA in the 5' to 3'direction only. 
B) It is substantially more efficient to make several shorter strands rather than one longer strand of DNA. 
C) There is not enough cellular DNA ligase for bonding Okazaki fragments together if they were produced from both parental strands. 
D) By having one leading strand and one lagging strand the cell can limit the amount of DNA polymerase used for chromosomal replication. 
E) The leading strand opens first,and so Okazaki fragments are not needed.The lagging strand unwinds second resulting in the need to produce Okazaki fragments.

Question 20

Studies by Avery,MacLeod,and McCarty with different strains of bacteria,and those by Gierer and Schramm with viruses,determined that proteins are highly complex molecules that form the genetic material for bacteria and viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 9: Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

When considering the complexity of genetic material,multiple genes are found within a chromosome.

Which molecule is responsible for separating double-stranded DNA into single strands?

Without data from the base composition studies of Chargoff,what might Watson and Crick's modeling studies have erroneously concluded?

Which purine base forms 3 hydrogen bonds when binding its complementary nucleotide base?

DNA is a double helix structure whose strands are held together by hydrogen bonds with A to T and C to G base pairing.

Griffith first proposed the "transformation principle" through his studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium.What molecule was later found to be responsible for this phenomenon?

What is the complement DNA strand to 5'-ATTCGGTGA-3'?

Which statement about DNA replication is INCORRECT?

Bacteria are grown in 15N (heavy)medium and then transferred to 14N (light)medium and are allowed to replicate for 2 generations.The DNA is subsequently isolated and centrifuged in a CsCl2 gradient to yield what type of gradient band(s)?

The building blocks of DNA are

Which statement best describes DNA polymerase?

Okazaki fragments are sequences of DNA most often found on the lagging strand of DNA during DNA replication.

What can be said about interphase chromosomes?

During DNA replication,proteins that are important for separating the DNA strands and allowing movement of the replication fork include each of these EXCEPT

Which relationship about nucleotide composition in DNA is correct?

Who discovered that DNA was the genetic material or transforming factor that could convert nonvirulent R-type Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium to the virulent S-type?

What is true of chromatin?

What is NOT a criterion for an organism's genetic material?

Why is there a need to produce Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand,but not on the leading strand of DNA?

Studies by Avery,MacLeod,and McCarty with different strains of bacteria,and those by Gierer and Schramm with viruses,determined that proteins are highly complex molecules that form the genetic material for bacteria and viruses.

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Transport, and Cell Junctions

Energy, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Repetitive Sequences, and Bioinformatics

Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution and Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Microorganisms: The Archaea, Bacteria, and Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity: Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Plant Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Animal Bodies and Homeostasis

Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

Neuroscience II: Sensory Systems

Muscular-Skeletal Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and the Homeostasis of Internal Fluids

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction and Development

Immune Systems

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Physical Environment

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystem Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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Bacteria are grown in ¹⁵N (heavy)medium and then transferred to ¹⁴N (light)medium and are allowed to replicate for 2 generations.The DNA is subsequently isolated and centrifuged in a CsCl₂ gradient to yield what type of gradient band(s)?