Question 1

To fit into the nucleiod region,a bacterial chromosome is tightly wrapped around histone proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Persons infected with HIV often die of opportunistic diseases because

Accepted Answer

A) HIV can transduce other viruses into virulent strains 
B) HIV destroys T cells 
C) HIV binds to antibodies 
D) HIV is a retrovirus 
E) HIV mutates easily 
A) HIV can transduce other viruses into virulent strains 
B) HIV destroys T cells 
C) HIV binds to antibodies 
D) HIV is a retrovirus 
E) HIV mutates easily B

Question 3

Bacteria can exchange DNA between strains of the same species and between different species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

You are reconstructing a phylogeny (evolutionary tree)of three strains of the same bacteria species.Analysis of different genes results in different phylogenies.Phylogeny A analyzed the bacterial strains using the smil gene,while phylogeny B analyzed the nosy gene.The true evolution of these strains is illustrated below the phylogenies.Study these diagrams and determine what is the best representation of these bacterial strains and why.

Accepted Answer

A) Phylogeny A,because the nosy gene was acquired via horizontal gene transfer and not an ancestor-descent relationship. 
B) Phylogeny A,because the smil gene was acquired via horizontal gene transfer and not an ancestor-descent relationship. 
C) Phylogeny B,because the nosy gene was acquired via horizontal gene transfer and not an ancestor-descent relationship. 
D) Phylogeny B,because the smil gene was acquired via horizontal gene transfer and not an ancestor-descent relationship. 
E) Phylogeny A and B are equally good representations of the relationships between these bacterial strains. 
A) Phylogeny A,because the nosy gene was acquired via horizontal gene transfer and not an ancestor-descent relationship. 
B) Phylogeny A,because the smil gene was acquired via horizontal gene transfer and not an ancestor-descent relationship. 
C) Phylogeny B,because the nosy gene was acquired via horizontal gene transfer and not an ancestor-descent relationship. 
D) Phylogeny B,because the smil gene was acquired via horizontal gene transfer and not an ancestor-descent relationship. 
E) Phylogeny A and B are equally good representations of the relationships between these bacterial strains.

Question 5

Viral release from a bacterial cell

Accepted Answer

A) requires the production of lysozyme encoded by the viral genome 
B) requires the production of lysozyme encoded by the eukaryotic genome 
C) kills the infected cell 
D) requires the production of lysozyme encoded by the viral genome and kills the infected cell 
E) requires the production of lysozyme encoded by the eukaryotic genome and kills the bacterial cell 
A) requires the production of lysozyme encoded by the viral genome 
B) requires the production of lysozyme encoded by the eukaryotic genome 
C) kills the infected cell 
D) requires the production of lysozyme encoded by the viral genome and kills the infected cell 
E) requires the production of lysozyme encoded by the eukaryotic genome and kills the bacterial cell

Question 6

Dmitri Ivanovski demonstrated that TMV was not spread via bacteria by

Accepted Answer

A) transmitting sap of infected plants from generation to generation 
B) filtering sap from an infected plant through pores smaller than bacteria,and then applying it to a healthy plant 
C) spraying sap from an infected plant onto a healthy plant 
D) sterilizing sap from an infected plant and then applying it to a healthy plant 
E) treating an infected plant with a broad spectrum of antibiotics before extracting sap 
A) transmitting sap of infected plants from generation to generation 
B) filtering sap from an infected plant through pores smaller than bacteria,and then applying it to a healthy plant 
C) spraying sap from an infected plant onto a healthy plant 
D) sterilizing sap from an infected plant and then applying it to a healthy plant 
E) treating an infected plant with a broad spectrum of antibiotics before extracting sap

Question 7

How do the reproduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)and bacteriophage lambda differ from each other?

Accepted Answer

A) HIV enocodes and uses reverse transcriptase,while lambda phage does not 
B) HIV production requires integrase,while bacteriophage lambda does not 
C) HIV can reproduce in either eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells,while bacteriophage lambda can only infect bacteria 
D) bacteriophage lambda attaches to specific proteins on the cell surface,while HIV does not 
E) None of these is correct 
A) HIV enocodes and uses reverse transcriptase,while lambda phage does not 
B) HIV production requires integrase,while bacteriophage lambda does not 
C) HIV can reproduce in either eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells,while bacteriophage lambda can only infect bacteria 
D) bacteriophage lambda attaches to specific proteins on the cell surface,while HIV does not 
E) None of these is correct

Question 8

Bacterial conjugation is also called bacterial sex because there is an equal exchange of genetic information between two cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

It has been difficult to create an effective vaccine against HIV because reverse transcriptase cannot correct its errors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Baculovirus genomes are 133.9 kb long and encode over 150 genes.This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) their protein structures are very complex 
B) their protein coats consist of very few types of protein subunits 
C) their genetic material is RNA 
D) their genetic material is DNA 
E) they have a small host range 
A) their protein structures are very complex 
B) their protein coats consist of very few types of protein subunits 
C) their genetic material is RNA 
D) their genetic material is DNA 
E) they have a small host range

Question 11

Integrase

Accepted Answer

A) is required for prophage formation 
B) cuts viral genomes 
C) is required for genome entry into the bacteria 
D) is required for provirus formation 
E) cuts the viral genome and is required for both prophage and provirus formation 
A) is required for prophage formation 
B) cuts viral genomes 
C) is required for genome entry into the bacteria 
D) is required for provirus formation 
E) cuts the viral genome and is required for both prophage and provirus formation

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics do all viruses have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) they are all incapable of replicating their own nucleic acid 
B) they all have DNA genomes 
C) they all have a broad host range 
D) they all infect eukaryotes 
E) they all contain a capsid surrounded by a fatty envelope 
A) they are all incapable of replicating their own nucleic acid 
B) they all have DNA genomes 
C) they all have a broad host range 
D) they all infect eukaryotes 
E) they all contain a capsid surrounded by a fatty envelope

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacterial chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) they are single stranded 
B) they are around 10* smaller than eukaryotic chromosomes 
C) they contain gene coding regions and regulatory regions 
D) they can be present in more than one copy 
E) they have only one origin of replication 
A) they are single stranded 
B) they are around 10* smaller than eukaryotic chromosomes 
C) they contain gene coding regions and regulatory regions 
D) they can be present in more than one copy 
E) they have only one origin of replication

Question 14

Bacterial infections have become much more of a threat to human health due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) the increased use of antibiotics 
B) an increase in acquired antibiotic resistance by innocuous strains 
C) horizontal transfer of pathogenicity 
D) an increased use of antibiotics coupled with an increase in acquired antibiotic resistance by innocuous strains 
E) an increased use of antibiotics,horizontal transfer of pathogenicity,and an increase in acquired antibiotic resistance by innocuous strains 
A) the increased use of antibiotics 
B) an increase in acquired antibiotic resistance by innocuous strains 
C) horizontal transfer of pathogenicity 
D) an increased use of antibiotics coupled with an increase in acquired antibiotic resistance by innocuous strains 
E) an increased use of antibiotics,horizontal transfer of pathogenicity,and an increase in acquired antibiotic resistance by innocuous strains

Question 15

A mutation in the gene encoding the enzyme that cuts F factor DNA during conjugation would result in

Accepted Answer

A) an inability to separate the recipient DNA from the donor DNA 
B) an inability to draw the conjugated cells close enough to allow DNA transfer 
C) the transfer of single-stranded DNA instead of double-stranded DNA 
D) the inability of the donor DNA to move through the pilus 
E) the inability of the recipient cell to replicate the F factor after transfer 
A) an inability to separate the recipient DNA from the donor DNA 
B) an inability to draw the conjugated cells close enough to allow DNA transfer 
C) the transfer of single-stranded DNA instead of double-stranded DNA 
D) the inability of the donor DNA to move through the pilus 
E) the inability of the recipient cell to replicate the F factor after transfer

Question 16

You discover a bacteria species in a deep ocean sample that can turn olive oil into pure gold.The bacteria do not replicate well at sea level,and one night all of your "Golden" bacteria die.What can you do to possibly retrieve the gold-making gene from the dead Golden bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) transform a live bacterial strain with the Golden bacteria's DNA 
B) transduce a live bacterial strain with the Golden bacteria's DNA 
C) conjugate a live bacterial strain with the Golden bacteria 
D) transduce the Golden bacteria and then infect a live strain of bacteria with the transducing virus 
E) there is nothing you can do because the cells are dead.You will have to search the ocean and hope to find the elusive bacteria again 
A) transform a live bacterial strain with the Golden bacteria's DNA 
B) transduce a live bacterial strain with the Golden bacteria's DNA 
C) conjugate a live bacterial strain with the Golden bacteria 
D) transduce the Golden bacteria and then infect a live strain of bacteria with the transducing virus 
E) there is nothing you can do because the cells are dead.You will have to search the ocean and hope to find the elusive bacteria again

Question 17

An episome is

Accepted Answer

A) a plasmid that can make bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics 
B) a plasmid that gives bacteria the ability to degrade toluene 
C) a plasmid that can exist either autonomously in the cytoplasm or as part of a chromosome 
D) a plasmid that can turn a bacteria that is harmless into a strain that can cause disease 
E) a plasmid that gives bacteria the ability to exchange DNA with another bacterial cell 
A) a plasmid that can make bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics 
B) a plasmid that gives bacteria the ability to degrade toluene 
C) a plasmid that can exist either autonomously in the cytoplasm or as part of a chromosome 
D) a plasmid that can turn a bacteria that is harmless into a strain that can cause disease 
E) a plasmid that gives bacteria the ability to exchange DNA with another bacterial cell

Question 18

The influenza virus is typical of many animal viruses in that is has an envelope composed of lipids and glycoproteins.Which of the following statements about the envelope is ACCURATE?

Accepted Answer

A) the envelope glycoproteins are encoded by genes found in the host genome 
B) the envelope is inside the capsid 
C) the envelope is obtained from the host cell when the virus buds from the plasma membrane 
D) the envelope is obtained from the host cell upon entry into the cell 
E) the envelope is formed via the action of integrase 
A) the envelope glycoproteins are encoded by genes found in the host genome 
B) the envelope is inside the capsid 
C) the envelope is obtained from the host cell when the virus buds from the plasma membrane 
D) the envelope is obtained from the host cell upon entry into the cell 
E) the envelope is formed via the action of integrase

Question 19

Transduction is

Accepted Answer

A) the transfer of viral genes to a bacteria by a virus 
B) the transfer of bacterial genes to another bacteria by a virus 
C) the use of bacterial replication machinery to produce viral particles 
D) the transfer of bacterial genes from one bacteria to another 
E) the transfer of bacterial genes to another via a pilus 
A) the transfer of viral genes to a bacteria by a virus 
B) the transfer of bacterial genes to another bacteria by a virus 
C) the use of bacterial replication machinery to produce viral particles 
D) the transfer of bacterial genes from one bacteria to another 
E) the transfer of bacterial genes to another via a pilus

Question 20

All forms of horizontal gene transfer require both the recipient and donor bacteria to be alive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

To fit into the nucleiod region,a bacterial chromosome is tightly wrapped around histone proteins.

Persons infected with HIV often die of opportunistic diseases because

Bacteria can exchange DNA between strains of the same species and between different species.

Viral release from a bacterial cell

Dmitri Ivanovski demonstrated that TMV was not spread via bacteria by

How do the reproduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)and bacteriophage lambda differ from each other?

Bacterial conjugation is also called bacterial sex because there is an equal exchange of genetic information between two cells.

It has been difficult to create an effective vaccine against HIV because reverse transcriptase cannot correct its errors.

Baculovirus genomes are 133.9 kb long and encode over 150 genes.This suggests that

Integrase

Which of the following characteristics do all viruses have in common?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacterial chromosomes?

Bacterial infections have become much more of a threat to human health due to which of the following?

A mutation in the gene encoding the enzyme that cuts F factor DNA during conjugation would result in

You discover a bacteria species in a deep ocean sample that can turn olive oil into pure gold.The bacteria do not replicate well at sea level,and one night all of your "Golden" bacteria die.What can you do to possibly retrieve the gold-making gene from the dead Golden bacteria?

An episome is

The influenza virus is typical of many animal viruses in that is has an envelope composed of lipids and glycoproteins.Which of the following statements about the envelope is ACCURATE?

Transduction is

All forms of horizontal gene transfer require both the recipient and donor bacteria to be alive.

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Transport, and Cell Junctions

Energy, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Repetitive Sequences, and Bioinformatics

Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution and Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Microorganisms: The Archaea, Bacteria, and Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity: Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Plant Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Animal Bodies and Homeostasis

Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

Neuroscience II: Sensory Systems

Muscular-Skeletal Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and the Homeostasis of Internal Fluids

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction and Development

Immune Systems

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Physical Environment

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystem Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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