Question 1

Two genes that are close together on the same chromosome will cross over more frequently than two genes that are further apart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Imagine that horn color in Hodags (folkloric creatures of Wisconsin)is controlled by a single gene.You cross an orange-horned Hodag with an ivory-horned Hodag and get an F1.Numerous offspring are produced,all with pale orange horns.You then cross two F1 individuals.What phenotypic ratio would you expect in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

A) 9 bright orange: 6 light orange: 1 ivory 
B) 1 bright orange: 2 light orange: 1 ivory 
C) 3 bright orange: 1 ivory 
D) 1OO: 2OI: 1II 
E) 3OO: 1 II 
A) 9 bright orange: 6 light orange: 1 ivory 
B) 1 bright orange: 2 light orange: 1 ivory 
C) 3 bright orange: 1 ivory 
D) 1OO: 2OI: 1II 
E) 3OO: 1 II B

Question 3

For mechanisms of sex determination,which of the following is incorrectly paired?

Accepted Answer

A) X-Y,cow 
B) X-O,grasshopper 
C) ZZ-ZW,bluebird 
D) 1n-2n,pea plant 
E) high temperature-low temperature,alligator 
A) X-Y,cow 
B) X-O,grasshopper 
C) ZZ-ZW,bluebird 
D) 1n-2n,pea plant 
E) high temperature-low temperature,alligator D

Question 4

In Hodags (mythical creatures of Wisconsin),brown fur (B)is dominant over gray fur (b)and long horns (H)are dominant over short horns (h).Two true-breeding hodags,one with brown fur and long horns and the other with gray fur and short horns mate and produce an F1.Two F1 individuals are mated.What proportion of the offspring will exhibit a phenotypic combination that is different from the P generation? Assume the genes for fur color and horn length are on different chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) 1/2 
B) 9/16 
C) 3/16 
D) 6/16 
E) 1/16 
A) 1/2 
B) 9/16 
C) 3/16 
D) 6/16 
E) 1/16

Question 5

How can you determine the genotype of a plant showing the dominant phenotype of red color?

Accepted Answer

A) The phenotype reflects the genotype,so the plant must be homozygous for the trait. 
B) Cross the red plant with a white plant to see if any white plants appear. 
C) Cross the red plant with other red plants to see if any white plants appear. 
D) Cross the red plant with a white plant to see if any red plants appear. 
E) Cross the red plant with another red plant,and then cross the F1 population with each other to see if any white plants appear. 
A) The phenotype reflects the genotype,so the plant must be homozygous for the trait. 
B) Cross the red plant with a white plant to see if any white plants appear. 
C) Cross the red plant with other red plants to see if any white plants appear. 
D) Cross the red plant with a white plant to see if any red plants appear. 
E) Cross the red plant with another red plant,and then cross the F1 population with each other to see if any white plants appear.

Question 6

Eyelash length is an inherited trait.In the human population,there is an eyelash length gene.There are two possible variants of this gene - an allele for long eyelashes (> 1cm)and an allele for short eyelashes (1 cm or less).The allele for long eyelashes is dominant (L)and the allele for short eyelashes is recessive (l).An individual who is heterozygous for eyelash length would produce which of the following gametes?

Accepted Answer

A) All gametes would have the l allele. 
B) All gametes would have the L allele. 
C) Half of the gametes would have the L allele and half of the gametes would have the l allele. 
D) The proportion of gametes receiving each allele would be random;the process of meiosis is very disorganized and chromosomes are not separated in an ordered fashion. 
E) None of the gametes would have the eyelash gene;gametes do not have eyelashes. 
A) All gametes would have the l allele. 
B) All gametes would have the L allele. 
C) Half of the gametes would have the L allele and half of the gametes would have the l allele. 
D) The proportion of gametes receiving each allele would be random;the process of meiosis is very disorganized and chromosomes are not separated in an ordered fashion. 
E) None of the gametes would have the eyelash gene;gametes do not have eyelashes.

Question 7

The genomes of mammalian mitochondria contain

Accepted Answer

A) a total of 37 genes. 
B) genes for proteins used in oxidative phosphorylation. 
C) genes whose products are used in translation of mRNA. 
D) ribosomal genes. 
E) All of the items listed are correct. 
A) a total of 37 genes. 
B) genes for proteins used in oxidative phosphorylation. 
C) genes whose products are used in translation of mRNA. 
D) ribosomal genes. 
E) All of the items listed are correct.

Question 8

The probability of obtaining a dominant phenotype from self-fertilization of a heterozygous individual is

Accepted Answer

A) 25% 
B) 50% 
C) 75% 
D) 100% 
A) 25% 
B) 50% 
C) 75% 
D) 100%

Question 9

Assume that in watermelon plants the genes for flower color (Y = yellow;y = orange flowers)and fruit shape (R = round;r = oval)are on the same chromosome.You cross two true-breeding plants,one with yellow flowers and round fruit and the other with orange flowers and oval fruit.You take one of the F1 individuals and cross it with a plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits.You get the following in the F2: 300 yellow flowers,round fruit;300 orange flowers,oval fruit;100 yellow flowers,oval fruit,100 orange flowers,round fruit.
The recombination frequency observed in experimental crosses can be used to indicate distances between genes on a chromosome.More specifically,the map distance between two genes is equal to the frequency of recombinant offspring.What is the map distance between the genes for flower color and fruit shape?

Accepted Answer

A) 25.0 
B) 4.0 
C) 40.0 
D) 33.0 
E) 100.0 
A) 25.0 
B) 4.0 
C) 40.0 
D) 33.0 
E) 100.0

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not part of Morgan's Theory of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

A) Alleles for different genes on the same chromosome are usually inherited together. 
B) Crossing-over events during meiosis results in the exchange of genetic information between homologues. 
C) The closer genes are to each other on the chromosome,the less likely a crossover will occur between them. 
D) Linked genes are always inherited together. 
E) All of these statements are part of Morgan's Theory of Independent Assortment. 
A) Alleles for different genes on the same chromosome are usually inherited together. 
B) Crossing-over events during meiosis results in the exchange of genetic information between homologues. 
C) The closer genes are to each other on the chromosome,the less likely a crossover will occur between them. 
D) Linked genes are always inherited together. 
E) All of these statements are part of Morgan's Theory of Independent Assortment.

Question 11

In plants,most chloroplasts are inherited from the maternal plant because maternal gametes contribute the most __________ to the zygote.

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondria 
C) ribosomes 
D) chlorophyll 
E) cytoplasm and mitochondria 
A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondria 
C) ribosomes 
D) chlorophyll 
E) cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 12

In the sweet pea crossing experiment by Bateson and Punnet,the F2 generation had many more offspring with the phenotypes of purple flowers with long pollen (PL)and red flowers with round pollen (pl)than expected from independent assortment.This is because

Accepted Answer

A) in these sweet peas,there are always more PL gametes than there are pl gametes. 
B) in sweet peas,the alleles for flower color and pollen shape are on the same chromosome. 
C) In sweet peas,the alleles for flower color and pollen shape are next to each other on the same chromosome. 
D) In sweet peas,the allele for flower color is in the nuclear genome and the allele for pollen shape is on the chloroplast genome. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) in these sweet peas,there are always more PL gametes than there are pl gametes. 
B) in sweet peas,the alleles for flower color and pollen shape are on the same chromosome. 
C) In sweet peas,the alleles for flower color and pollen shape are next to each other on the same chromosome. 
D) In sweet peas,the allele for flower color is in the nuclear genome and the allele for pollen shape is on the chloroplast genome. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 13

A plant cell contains _____ genomes and an animal cell contains ______ genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) 3,2 
B) 3,3 
C) 2,3 
D) 2,2 
E) 1,1 
A) 3,2 
B) 3,3 
C) 2,3 
D) 2,2 
E) 1,1

Question 14

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene?

Accepted Answer

A) Leber's Inherited Optic Neuropathy (LHON) 
B) Neurogenic muscle weakness 
C) myoclonic epilepsy 
D) cardiomyopathy 
E) Turner syndrome 
A) Leber's Inherited Optic Neuropathy (LHON) 
B) Neurogenic muscle weakness 
C) myoclonic epilepsy 
D) cardiomyopathy 
E) Turner syndrome

Question 15

If a pink snapdragon is self-fertilized,the offspring are red,pink,or white.What type of inheritance pattern does flower color exhibit in this example?

Accepted Answer

A) X-linked. 
B) incomplete dominance 
C) dominance 
D) incomplete recessive 
E) recessive 
A) X-linked. 
B) incomplete dominance 
C) dominance 
D) incomplete recessive 
E) recessive

Question 16

Imagine that horn color in Hodags (folkloric creatures of Wisconsin)is controlled by a single gene.You mate a Hodag homozygous for a bright orange horns (COCO)with a Hodag homozygous for ivory horns (CICI).Numerous offspring are produced,all with pale orange horns.This pattern of inheritance of horn color can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A) X-linked. 
B) recombination. 
C) incomplete dominance. 
D) complete dominance. 
E) environmental effects on phenotypE. 
A) X-linked. 
B) recombination. 
C) incomplete dominance. 
D) complete dominance. 
E) environmental effects on phenotypE.

Question 17

The karyotype of a young patient shows two Barr bodies per cell.What condition might this child have?

Accepted Answer

A) Turner syndrome 
B) Triple X syndrome 
C) Down syndrome 
D) Klinefelter syndrome 
E) This child is a normal femalE. 
A) Turner syndrome 
B) Triple X syndrome 
C) Down syndrome 
D) Klinefelter syndrome 
E) This child is a normal femalE.

Question 18

In rabbits,spotted coat (S)is dominant to solid color (s)and black (B)is dominant to brown (b).A true-breeding black spotted rabbit is mated to a true-breeding brown solid rabbit to produce a heterozygous F1 generation.Two F1 individuals are mated,and you do not see a 9:3:3:1 (black spotted: black solid: brown spotted: brown solid)ratio of offspring,but instead see that almost all offspring are a non-recombinant phenotype.This tells you that

Accepted Answer

A) that the genes for fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color assort independently 
B) that the genes for fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color are on the same chromosome 
C) that the genes for fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color are on different chromosomes 
D) that the genes for fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color are on the X-chromosome and Y-chromosome,repectively. 
E) that fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color are maternally inherited 
A) that the genes for fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color assort independently 
B) that the genes for fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color are on the same chromosome 
C) that the genes for fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color are on different chromosomes 
D) that the genes for fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color are on the X-chromosome and Y-chromosome,repectively. 
E) that fur pattern (spotted vs.non-spotted)and fur color are maternally inherited

Question 19

What is a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

A) An allele that is very prevalent in a population 
B) An allele that will only have an affect on phenotype in a haploid organism;otherwise its presence will be masked 
C) An allele that has no noticeable affect on an organism's phenotype 
D) In a heterozygous individual,the allele that determine's the phenotype 
E) An allele whose effect is masked unless in the homozygous condition 
A) An allele that is very prevalent in a population 
B) An allele that will only have an affect on phenotype in a haploid organism;otherwise its presence will be masked 
C) An allele that has no noticeable affect on an organism's phenotype 
D) In a heterozygous individual,the allele that determine's the phenotype 
E) An allele whose effect is masked unless in the homozygous condition

Question 20

What quality of the traits that Mendel chose to study allowed him to establish the basic laws of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A) The genes for most of the traits were linked. 
B) The genes for all of the traits had more than two alleles each. 
C) The alleles that he studied were either dominant or recessive. 
D) The alleles that he studied would blend and show an intermediate phenotype. 
E) The traits he studied were never controlled by genes on the chloroplast. 
A) The genes for most of the traits were linked. 
B) The genes for all of the traits had more than two alleles each. 
C) The alleles that he studied were either dominant or recessive. 
D) The alleles that he studied would blend and show an intermediate phenotype. 
E) The traits he studied were never controlled by genes on the chloroplast.

Exam 14: Patterns of Inheritance

Two genes that are close together on the same chromosome will cross over more frequently than two genes that are further apart.

For mechanisms of sex determination,which of the following is incorrectly paired?

How can you determine the genotype of a plant showing the dominant phenotype of red color?

The genomes of mammalian mitochondria contain

The probability of obtaining a dominant phenotype from self-fertilization of a heterozygous individual is

Which of the following statements is not part of Morgan's Theory of Independent Assortment?

In plants,most chloroplasts are inherited from the maternal plant because maternal gametes contribute the most __________ to the zygote.

In the sweet pea crossing experiment by Bateson and Punnet,the F2 generation had many more offspring with the phenotypes of purple flowers with long pollen (PL)and red flowers with round pollen (pl)than expected from independent assortment.This is because

A plant cell contains _____ genomes and an animal cell contains ______ genomes.

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene?

If a pink snapdragon is self-fertilized,the offspring are red,pink,or white.What type of inheritance pattern does flower color exhibit in this example?

The karyotype of a young patient shows two Barr bodies per cell.What condition might this child have?

What is a dominant allele?

What quality of the traits that Mendel chose to study allowed him to establish the basic laws of inheritance?

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Transport, and Cell Junctions

Energy, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Repetitive Sequences, and Bioinformatics

Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution and Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Microorganisms: The Archaea, Bacteria, and Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity: Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Plant Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Animal Bodies and Homeostasis

Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

Neuroscience II: Sensory Systems

Muscular-Skeletal Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and the Homeostasis of Internal Fluids

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction and Development

Immune Systems

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Physical Environment

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystem Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

In the sweet pea crossing experiment by Bateson and Punnet,the F₂ generation had many more offspring with the phenotypes of purple flowers with long pollen (PL)and red flowers with round pollen (pl)than expected from independent assortment.This is because

A plant cell contains _ genomes and an animal cell contains __ genomes.