Question 1

Select the examples that represent instances of a polymorphic trait.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hair loss is often found in malnourished,captive chimpanzees. 
B)  A population of lilies contains equal proportions of both blue and white flowering individuals. 
C)  The A,B,and O blood types found in humans. 
D)  Arctic fox populations change from a white coat in winter to a brown coat in summer. 
E)  An estimated 75% of humans show some degree of lactose intolerance due to a decrease in the production of lactase,while about 25% do not decrease lactase production and are lactose tolerant. 
A)  Hair loss is often found in malnourished,captive chimpanzees. 
B)  A population of lilies contains equal proportions of both blue and white flowering individuals. 
C)  The A,B,and O blood types found in humans. 
D)  Arctic fox populations change from a white coat in winter to a brown coat in summer. 
E)  An estimated 75% of humans show some degree of lactose intolerance due to a decrease in the production of lactase,while about 25% do not decrease lactase production and are lactose tolerant. B,C,E

Question 2

What idea is shared by both Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) Adaptation is driven by differences in survival and reproductive success. 
B) Environmental changes can lead to the modification of traits. 
C) Traits acquired during an individual's lifetime can be inherited by their offspring. 
D) Evolution involves a continuous increase in complexity. 
A) Adaptation is driven by differences in survival and reproductive success. 
B) Environmental changes can lead to the modification of traits. 
C) Traits acquired during an individual's lifetime can be inherited by their offspring. 
D) Evolution involves a continuous increase in complexity. B

Question 3

The process of natural selection results in:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction 
B)  Random genetic mutations 
C)  Adaptation 
D)  Speciation 
E)  Genetic drift 
A)  Extinction 
B)  Random genetic mutations 
C)  Adaptation 
D)  Speciation 
E)  Genetic drift A,C,D

Question 4

A population undergoing microevolution would show Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

To analyze genetic variation in populations,one approach is to consider the frequency of alleles.When calculating allele frequency for a diploid species,how many copies of a given allele will be present for each gene?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) It depends on the number of chromosomes in the species 
D) 4 
E) It depends on whether the individual is heterozygous or homozygous 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) It depends on the number of chromosomes in the species 
D) 4 
E) It depends on whether the individual is heterozygous or homozygous

Question 6

Blue flower color (B allele)is dominant to white (b allele).If a population of plants contains white flowers (bb)at a frequency of 0.04,what is the frequency of the blue flower allele (B)?
4-9-2013

Accepted Answer

A) 0.2 or 20% 
B) 0.64 or 64% 
C) 0.32 or 32% 
D) 0.8 or 80% 
E) 0.96 or 96% 
A) 0.2 or 20% 
B) 0.64 or 64% 
C) 0.32 or 32% 
D) 0.8 or 80% 
E) 0.96 or 96%

Question 7

What scenario would be most likely to result in a bottleneck event?

Accepted Answer

A) A small population of geese migrates and joins a large flock of the same species.The two groups subsequently begin interbreeding. 
B) A mutation occurs in an individual poison ivy plant,doubling the number of seeds it produces.The mutation is inherited by future generations. 
C) A hurricane blows through a coastal swamp inhabited by an apple snail population.The hurricane drastically changes the hydrology of the swamp,killing 98% of the apple snails. 
D) A population of broomsedge grass is studied and determined to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
E) Two populations of lizards were separated for many years by a river.The river's course has been diverted and migration between the two lizard populations can now occur. 
A) A small population of geese migrates and joins a large flock of the same species.The two groups subsequently begin interbreeding. 
B) A mutation occurs in an individual poison ivy plant,doubling the number of seeds it produces.The mutation is inherited by future generations. 
C) A hurricane blows through a coastal swamp inhabited by an apple snail population.The hurricane drastically changes the hydrology of the swamp,killing 98% of the apple snails. 
D) A population of broomsedge grass is studied and determined to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
E) Two populations of lizards were separated for many years by a river.The river's course has been diverted and migration between the two lizard populations can now occur.

Question 8

Selective breeding results from programs designed to modify traits in domesticated species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The human b-globin gene has two alleles,HS and HA,individuals that are homozygous for HS have sickle-cell anemia and a lower fitness.Individuals that are heterozygotes (HSHA)do not show sickle-cell symptoms and have a resistance to malaria.Individuals that are homozygous for HA have the highest fitness but are susceptible to malaria.In areas where malaria is prevalent the HS allele is maintained in the population.Which type of selection is occurring with the b-globin gene?

Accepted Answer

A) stabilizing 
B) directional 
C) disruptive 
D) balancing 
E) negative frequency dependent 
A) stabilizing 
B) directional 
C) disruptive 
D) balancing 
E) negative frequency dependent

Question 10

In a species of salamander,there are two forms,red and yellow.As the yellow form becomes less common due to predation and the red form more common,the yellow form becomes less likely to be eaten and more likely to survive and reproduce.The yellow form then becomes more common and roles of red and yellow forms reverse.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) negative frequency-dependent selection. 
B) directional selection. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) balancing selection. 
E) intrasexual selection. 
A) negative frequency-dependent selection. 
B) directional selection. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) balancing selection. 
E) intrasexual selection.

Question 11

Darwin's concept of evolution "the theory of descent with modification through variation and natural selection" can be demonstrated by which of the following examples?

Accepted Answer

A) A giraffe stretches his neck to reach higher branches.The exercise of stretching up strengthens the muscles in the neck and legs.This ability to stretch is also seen in the giraffe's offspring. 
B) A monkey accidently drops her fruit in the salty water of a bay,she recovers the fruit and eats it.She discovers that the fruit is cleaner and tastes better after it has been in the salty water.She continues to wash fruit in the bay before eating.Her offspring see what she has done and also wash their fruit in the salty water.Soon the whole population is washing their fruit. 
C) Several turtles hatch from a clutch of eggs buried in the sand on a beach.One of the turtles is the color of the sand,the others are darker in color.The turtles all scurry to the water,but one by one the dark turtles are eaten by birds,only the sand colored turtle survives.When it enters the water the sand color changes to a darker brown.The turtle grows,mates and has offspring that are also sand colored when they are born. 
D) A female alligator gives birth to a male alligator that has the ability to change color to a bright white when it is in cold water.The baby male alligator is quickly spotted by a large bird of prey and eaten. 
A) A giraffe stretches his neck to reach higher branches.The exercise of stretching up strengthens the muscles in the neck and legs.This ability to stretch is also seen in the giraffe's offspring. 
B) A monkey accidently drops her fruit in the salty water of a bay,she recovers the fruit and eats it.She discovers that the fruit is cleaner and tastes better after it has been in the salty water.She continues to wash fruit in the bay before eating.Her offspring see what she has done and also wash their fruit in the salty water.Soon the whole population is washing their fruit. 
C) Several turtles hatch from a clutch of eggs buried in the sand on a beach.One of the turtles is the color of the sand,the others are darker in color.The turtles all scurry to the water,but one by one the dark turtles are eaten by birds,only the sand colored turtle survives.When it enters the water the sand color changes to a darker brown.The turtle grows,mates and has offspring that are also sand colored when they are born. 
D) A female alligator gives birth to a male alligator that has the ability to change color to a bright white when it is in cold water.The baby male alligator is quickly spotted by a large bird of prey and eaten.

Question 12

Which of the following are examples of molecular homologies? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of DNA as an information storage molecule. 
B)  The lack of an IGF-1 gene in prokaryotes. 
C)  Similarities among the metabolic processes for the breakdown of glucose. 
D)  The biochemical pathways for cellular respiration in plants and animals. 
E)  The biochemical pathways for photosynthesis in plants and cellular respiration in animals. 
A)  Use of DNA as an information storage molecule. 
B)  The lack of an IGF-1 gene in prokaryotes. 
C)  Similarities among the metabolic processes for the breakdown of glucose. 
D)  The biochemical pathways for cellular respiration in plants and animals. 
E)  The biochemical pathways for photosynthesis in plants and cellular respiration in animals.

Question 13

What field of study uses geographic distribution of extinct and living species to determine patterns of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) Biology. 
B) Geology. 
C) Palentology. 
D) Geography. 
E) Biogeography. 
A) Biology. 
B) Geology. 
C) Palentology. 
D) Geography. 
E) Biogeography.

Question 14

The theory of neutral evolution is supported by the observation that most changes in codons occur in the third position within the codon,which often has no effect on the sequence of amino acids in the protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The figure shows three mouse populations and their associated changes in the frequency of B,the allele for dark fur.The recessive b allele codes for white fur.After 20 generations,in which population would you be most likely to encounter a white mouse?

Accepted Answer

A) N1 
B) N2 
C) N3 
D) There is an equal probability of encountering a white mouse in all three populations. 
E) There is an equal probability of encountering a white mouse in populations N1 and N3 and this is higher than in N2. 
A) N1 
B) N2 
C) N3 
D) There is an equal probability of encountering a white mouse in all three populations. 
E) There is an equal probability of encountering a white mouse in populations N1 and N3 and this is higher than in N2.

Question 16

There is a population of frogs living in a pond: 25 are green,25 are brown,25 are yellow with green spots,and 25 are all yellow.A drought occurred and 75% of the frogs died.The remaining frogs were green and brown.After 25 generations,the frogs still were green and brown,yellow frogs never appeared in the population again.Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) Sexual selection. 
B) Balancing selection. 
C) Bottleneck effect. 
D) Heterozygote advantage. 
E) Founder effect. 
A) Sexual selection. 
B) Balancing selection. 
C) Bottleneck effect. 
D) Heterozygote advantage. 
E) Founder effect.

Question 17

You are at the aquarium looking at a freshwater mammal tank and an adult manatee swims close to the glass.On his front flippers you see fingernails.What is a likely explanation for the presence of fingernails on a manatee?

Accepted Answer

A) They are analogous to human fingernails. 
B) They are homologous to fish fins. 
C) They are a developmental homology. 
D) They are analogous to bear claws. 
E) They are vestigial structures. 
A) They are analogous to human fingernails. 
B) They are homologous to fish fins. 
C) They are a developmental homology. 
D) They are analogous to bear claws. 
E) They are vestigial structures.

Question 18

The interlocking rib cage of Titaalik roseae suggests that this transition organism had lungs.What other traits were found in T.roseae,but not in its ancestral form?

Accepted Answer

A) An upright stance. 
B) Scales. 
C) Primitive wrists and fingers. 
D) Fins. 
E) Eyes on the side of its head. 
A) An upright stance. 
B) Scales. 
C) Primitive wrists and fingers. 
D) Fins. 
E) Eyes on the side of its head.

Question 19

In a population of 100 four-o'clock flowers there are 40 red-flowered plants (CRCR),38 pink-flowered plants (CRCW),and 22 white-flowered plants (CWCW).What is the frequency of the CW allele in this population?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.32 or 32% 
B) 0.6 or 60% 
C) 0.41 or 41% 
D) 0.09 or 9% 
E) 0.52 or 52% 
A) 0.32 or 32% 
B) 0.6 or 60% 
C) 0.41 or 41% 
D) 0.09 or 9% 
E) 0.52 or 52%

Question 20

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation ,the genotype frequency of heterozygotes is represented by

Accepted Answer

A) p2 
B) 2pq 
C) q2 
D) p2 +q2 
E) p2 + 2pq 
A) p2 
B) 2pq 
C) q2 
D) p2 +q2 
E) p2 + 2pq

Exam 19: An Introduction to Evolution and Population Genetics

Select the examples that represent instances of a polymorphic trait.

What idea is shared by both Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution?

The process of natural selection results in: Select all that apply.

A population undergoing microevolution would show Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium.

To analyze genetic variation in populations,one approach is to consider the frequency of alleles.When calculating allele frequency for a diploid species,how many copies of a given allele will be present for each gene?

Blue flower color (B allele)is dominant to white (b allele).If a population of plants contains white flowers (bb)at a frequency of 0.04,what is the frequency of the blue flower allele (B)? 4-9-2013

What scenario would be most likely to result in a bottleneck event?

Selective breeding results from programs designed to modify traits in domesticated species.

Darwin's concept of evolution "the theory of descent with modification through variation and natural selection" can be demonstrated by which of the following examples?

Which of the following are examples of molecular homologies? Select all that apply.

What field of study uses geographic distribution of extinct and living species to determine patterns of evolution?

The theory of neutral evolution is supported by the observation that most changes in codons occur in the third position within the codon,which often has no effect on the sequence of amino acids in the protein.

The figure shows three mouse populations and their associated changes in the frequency of B,the allele for dark fur.The recessive b allele codes for white fur.After 20 generations,in which population would you be most likely to encounter a white mouse?

You are at the aquarium looking at a freshwater mammal tank and an adult manatee swims close to the glass.On his front flippers you see fingernails.What is a likely explanation for the presence of fingernails on a manatee?

The interlocking rib cage of Titaalik roseae suggests that this transition organism had lungs.What other traits were found in T.roseae,but not in its ancestral form?

In a population of 100 four-o'clock flowers there are 40 red-flowered plants (CRCR),38 pink-flowered plants (CRCW),and 22 white-flowered plants (CWCW).What is the frequency of the CW allele in this population?

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation ,the genotype frequency of heterozygotes is represented by

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Transport, and Cell Junctions

Energy, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Repetitive Sequences, and Bioinformatics

Origin and History of Life

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Microorganisms: The Archaea, Bacteria, and Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity: Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Plant Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Animal Bodies and Homeostasis

Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

Neuroscience II: Sensory Systems

Muscular-Skeletal Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and the Homeostasis of Internal Fluids

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction and Development

Immune Systems

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Physical Environment

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystem Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

In a population of 100 four-o'clock flowers there are 40 red-flowered plants (C^RC^R),38 pink-flowered plants (C^RC^W),and 22 white-flowered plants (C^WC^W).What is the frequency of the C^W allele in this population?