Question 1

According to Shover and Hochstetler, lure is not a full-fledged opportunity unless there is also

Accepted Answer

A)  A capitalist environment. 
B)  Guilt. 
C)  Lack of oversight. 
D)  A criminal culture. 
A)  A capitalist environment. 
B)  Guilt. 
C)  Lack of oversight. 
D)  A criminal culture. C

Question 2

In his book White Collar Crime, Sutherland studied

Accepted Answer

A)  Individual tax violators. 
B)  Professional hit men. 
C)  American corporations. 
D)  American universities. 
A)  Individual tax violators. 
B)  Professional hit men. 
C)  American corporations. 
D)  American universities. C

Question 3

Which of the following would Benson not agree with, according to his 1985 work?

Accepted Answer

A)  White-collar offenders do not feel the same level of guilt that street offenders do. 
B)  White-collar offenders use accounts to neutralize feelings of guilt before the crime. 
C)  White-collar offenders use accounts to neutralize feelings of guilt after the crime. 
D)  White-collar offenders use accounts to deny that they are "true criminals." 
A)  White-collar offenders do not feel the same level of guilt that street offenders do. 
B)  White-collar offenders use accounts to neutralize feelings of guilt before the crime. 
C)  White-collar offenders use accounts to neutralize feelings of guilt after the crime. 
D)  White-collar offenders use accounts to deny that they are "true criminals." A

Question 4

In explaining white-collar crime, Sutherland focused on which central factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposure to a criminal culture. 
B)  Life in a competitive financial system. 
C)  Unique illegitimate opportunities produced by a legitimate work setting. 
D)  Rational choice. 
A)  Exposure to a criminal culture. 
B)  Life in a competitive financial system. 
C)  Unique illegitimate opportunities produced by a legitimate work setting. 
D)  Rational choice.

Question 5

Which of the following scholars viewed white-collar crime as a response to financial woes?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. A. Ross. 
B)  Edwin Sutherland. 
C)  Michael Benson. 
D)  Donald R. Cressey. 
A)  E. A. Ross. 
B)  Edwin Sutherland. 
C)  Michael Benson. 
D)  Donald R. Cressey.

Question 6

Drawing on Benson's work, compare and contrast the accounts given by three types of white-collar offenders.

Accepted Answer

Drawing on Benson's work, we can compare

Question 7

Which of the following was not mentioned by Cullen, Agnew, and Wilcox as playing a role in the dramatic increase in criminological attention to white-collar crime after the 1970s?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Vietnam War's effect on public mistrust of those in power. 
B)  The civil rights movement and its emphasis on equality before the law. 
C)  Media/popular culture (e.g., television) portrayals of abuse of power. 
D)  The Great Society program's effect of redistributing wealth. 
A)  The Vietnam War's effect on public mistrust of those in power. 
B)  The civil rights movement and its emphasis on equality before the law. 
C)  Media/popular culture (e.g., television) portrayals of abuse of power. 
D)  The Great Society program's effect of redistributing wealth.

Question 8

Sutherland's influential essay on white-collar crime, "White-Collar Criminality," was published in which year?

Accepted Answer

A)  1900. 
B)  1940. 
C)  1960. 
D)  1980. 
A)  1900. 
B)  1940. 
C)  1960. 
D)  1980.

Question 9

Answer the following, based on Sutherland's essay "White-Collar Criminality": 
a. How did Sutherland define white-collar crime? 
b. What are the problematic aspects of this definition? 
c. What did Sutherland suggest be considered white-collar crime?
d. Why did Sutherland feel that the study of white-collar crime was important in criminology?

Accepted Answer

a. Sutherland defined white-collar crime

Question 10

Who is considered the father of white-collar criminology?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. A. Ross. 
B)  Edwin Sutherland. 
C)  Michael Benson. 
D)  Donald R. Cressey. 
A)  E. A. Ross. 
B)  Edwin Sutherland. 
C)  Michael Benson. 
D)  Donald R. Cressey.

Question 11

Whose work, Sin and Society, was one of the first to discuss crimes in the business world?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. A. Ross. 
B)  Edwin Sutherland. 
C)  Michael Benson. 
D)  Francis Cullen. 
A)  E. A. Ross. 
B)  Edwin Sutherland. 
C)  Michael Benson. 
D)  Francis Cullen.

Question 12

According to Sutherland's claims in his essay, "White-Collar Criminality," white-collar crime

Accepted Answer

A)  Generates the same financial costs to the public as do "traditional" crimes (e.g., robbery, burglary, etc.). 
B)  Generates financial costs, but they are not as great as the financial costs generated by traditional crimes. 
C)  Generates financial costs, but those costs only fall on wealthy individuals. 
D)  Generates financial costs several times that of the financial costs created by traditional crime. 
A)  Generates the same financial costs to the public as do "traditional" crimes (e.g., robbery, burglary, etc.). 
B)  Generates financial costs, but they are not as great as the financial costs generated by traditional crimes. 
C)  Generates financial costs, but those costs only fall on wealthy individuals. 
D)  Generates financial costs several times that of the financial costs created by traditional crime.

Question 13

Summarize Sutherland's contributions to the field in terms of his work on white-collar crime specifically.

Accepted Answer

Edwin Sutherland made significant contri

Question 14

Which of the following is true of Sutherland's perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  In defining white-collar crime, social status of the offender does not matter. 
B)  He argued that research on white-collar crime should only focus on those acts that have resulted in a conviction in criminal court. 
C)  He argued that research on white-collar crime should focus more on "convictability" of offenses than on actual conviction. 
D)  He argued that accessories to white-collar offenders should not be counted in research/statistics. 
A)  In defining white-collar crime, social status of the offender does not matter. 
B)  He argued that research on white-collar crime should only focus on those acts that have resulted in a conviction in criminal court. 
C)  He argued that research on white-collar crime should focus more on "convictability" of offenses than on actual conviction. 
D)  He argued that accessories to white-collar offenders should not be counted in research/statistics.

Question 15

Discuss at least five factors that coalesced to revive Sutherland's interest in white-collar crime.

Accepted Answer

There are several factors that have coal

Question 16

According to Sutherland's definition, white-collar crime is crime committed by a person of ____ and ______ in the course of his occupation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Respectability; convictability. 
B)  Respectability; high social status. 
C)  Wealth; guilt. 
D)  Wealth; opportunity. 
A)  Respectability; convictability. 
B)  Respectability; high social status. 
C)  Wealth; guilt. 
D)  Wealth; opportunity.

Question 17

According to Benson, white-collar crimes are typically characterized by all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  The offender has legitimate access to the crime location. 
B)  The offender enters the crime location unlawfully. 
C)  The offender is spatially separated from the victim. 
D)  The offender's actions have a superficial appearance of legitimacy. 
A)  The offender has legitimate access to the crime location. 
B)  The offender enters the crime location unlawfully. 
C)  The offender is spatially separated from the victim. 
D)  The offender's actions have a superficial appearance of legitimacy.

Question 18

According to Sutherland, white-collar crime can produce

Accepted Answer

A)  Only financial costs. 
B)  Only physical costs. 
C)  Both financial and physical costs. 
D)  A strong economy. 
A)  Only financial costs. 
B)  Only physical costs. 
C)  Both financial and physical costs. 
D)  A strong economy.

Question 19

Of the white-collar offenders examined by Benson, which admitted responsibility for their actions in their accounts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tax violators. 
B)  Embezzlers. 
C)  Antitrust violators. 
D)  Professors. 
A)  Tax violators. 
B)  Embezzlers. 
C)  Antitrust violators. 
D)  Professors.

Question 20

According to Shover and Hochstetler,

Accepted Answer

A)  When opportunity for white-collar crime is present, all rational individuals will act on it. 
B)  Whether one acts on opportunity for white-collar crime depends on the religiosity of the person to whom the opportunity is presented. 
C)  Whether one acts on opportunity for white-collar crime depends on the criminal predisposition and internal restraints of the person to whom the opportunity is presented. 
D)  Whether one acts on opportunity for white-collar crime depends on the ability to neutralize the guilt. 
A)  When opportunity for white-collar crime is present, all rational individuals will act on it. 
B)  Whether one acts on opportunity for white-collar crime depends on the religiosity of the person to whom the opportunity is presented. 
C)  Whether one acts on opportunity for white-collar crime depends on the criminal predisposition and internal restraints of the person to whom the opportunity is presented. 
D)  Whether one acts on opportunity for white-collar crime depends on the ability to neutralize the guilt.

According to Shover and Hochstetler, lure is not a full-fledged opportunity unless there is also

In his book White Collar Crime, Sutherland studied

Which of the following would Benson not agree with, according to his 1985 work?

In explaining white-collar crime, Sutherland focused on which central factor?

Which of the following scholars viewed white-collar crime as a response to financial woes?

Drawing on Benson's work, compare and contrast the accounts given by three types of white-collar offenders.

Which of the following was not mentioned by Cullen, Agnew, and Wilcox as playing a role in the dramatic increase in criminological attention to white-collar crime after the 1970s?

Sutherland's influential essay on white-collar crime, "White-Collar Criminality," was published in which year?

Who is considered the father of white-collar criminology?

Whose work, Sin and Society, was one of the first to discuss crimes in the business world?

According to Sutherland's claims in his essay, "White-Collar Criminality," white-collar crime

Summarize Sutherland's contributions to the field in terms of his work on white-collar crime specifically.

Which of the following is true of Sutherland's perspective?

Discuss at least five factors that coalesced to revive Sutherland's interest in white-collar crime.

According to Sutherland's definition, white-collar crime is crime committed by a person of and __ in the course of his occupation.

According to Benson, white-collar crimes are typically characterized by all the following except

According to Sutherland, white-collar crime can produce

Of the white-collar offenders examined by Benson, which admitted responsibility for their actions in their accounts?

According to Shover and Hochstetler,

The Origins of Modern Criminology

The Chicago School: The City, Social Disorganization, and Crime

Learning to Be a Criminal: Differential Association, Subcultural, and Social Learning Theories

Anomiestrain Theories of Crime

Varieties of Control Theory

Labeling Theory: Societal Reaction and the Creation of Criminals

Critical Criminology: Power, Peace, and Crime

Feminist Theories: Gender, Power, and Crime

Reviving Classical Theory: Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories

Environmental Criminology

Growing up Criminal: Trait and Biological Theories of Crime

Getting Into and Out of Crime: Life-Course Theories

Positive Criminology

How Black Lives Matter: Theoretical Developments

Putting It All Together: Integrated Theories of Crime

Putting Theory to Work: Guiding Crime Control Policy

Filters

Exam 9: Theories of White-Collar Crime

According to Shover and Hochstetler, lure is not a full-fledged opportunity unless there is also

In his book White Collar Crime, Sutherland studied

Which of the following would Benson not agree with, according to his 1985 work?

In explaining white-collar crime, Sutherland focused on which central factor?

Which of the following scholars viewed white-collar crime as a response to financial woes?

Drawing on Benson's work, compare and contrast the accounts given by three types of white-collar offenders.

Which of the following was not mentioned by Cullen, Agnew, and Wilcox as playing a role in the dramatic increase in criminological attention to white-collar crime after the 1970s?

Sutherland's influential essay on white-collar crime, "White-Collar Criminality," was published in which year?

Who is considered the father of white-collar criminology?

Whose work, Sin and Society, was one of the first to discuss crimes in the business world?

According to Sutherland's claims in his essay, "White-Collar Criminality," white-collar crime

Summarize Sutherland's contributions to the field in terms of his work on white-collar crime specifically.

Which of the following is true of Sutherland's perspective?

Discuss at least five factors that coalesced to revive Sutherland's interest in white-collar crime.

According to Sutherland's definition, white-collar crime is crime committed by a person of ____ and ______ in the course of his occupation.

According to Benson, white-collar crimes are typically characterized by all the following except

According to Sutherland, white-collar crime can produce

Of the white-collar offenders examined by Benson, which admitted responsibility for their actions in their accounts?

According to Shover and Hochstetler,

The Origins of Modern Criminology

The Chicago School: The City, Social Disorganization, and Crime

Learning to Be a Criminal: Differential Association, Subcultural, and Social Learning Theories

Anomiestrain Theories of Crime

Varieties of Control Theory

Labeling Theory: Societal Reaction and the Creation of Criminals

Critical Criminology: Power, Peace, and Crime

Feminist Theories: Gender, Power, and Crime

Reviving Classical Theory: Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories

Environmental Criminology

Growing up Criminal: Trait and Biological Theories of Crime

Getting Into and Out of Crime: Life-Course Theories

Positive Criminology

How Black Lives Matter: Theoretical Developments

Putting It All Together: Integrated Theories of Crime

Putting Theory to Work: Guiding Crime Control Policy

Filters

According to Sutherland's definition, white-collar crime is crime committed by a person of and __ in the course of his occupation.