Question 1

Beatty (1988) found that as an individual's level of public speaking anxiety increased, his or her level of conspicuousness also increased. What type of relationship did Beatty find?

Accepted Answer

A) curvilinear relationship 
B) nondirectional relationship 
C) positive relationship 
D) negative relationship 
A) curvilinear relationship 
B) nondirectional relationship 
C) positive relationship 
D) negative relationship C

Question 2

The interval level of measurement is contingent upon an absolute zero.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Variable Value

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals, Dyads, Groups, and Organizations. 
B) Numerical designation assigned to each variable. 
C) When a decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase in another variable. 
D) Communication Satisfaction or Self-Disclosure. 
E) Specific Categories of a variable. 
A) Individuals, Dyads, Groups, and Organizations. 
B) Numerical designation assigned to each variable. 
C) When a decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase in another variable. 
D) Communication Satisfaction or Self-Disclosure. 
E) Specific Categories of a variable. B

Question 4

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Abstract Variable

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals, Dyads, Groups, and Organizations. 
B) Numerical designation assigned to each variable. 
C) When a decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase in another variable. 
D) Communication Satisfaction or Self-Disclosure. 
E) Specific Categories of a variable. 
A) Individuals, Dyads, Groups, and Organizations. 
B) Numerical designation assigned to each variable. 
C) When a decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase in another variable. 
D) Communication Satisfaction or Self-Disclosure. 
E) Specific Categories of a variable.

Question 5

Explain and provide an example of the two types of differences in research.

Accepted Answer

The two types of differences in research

Question 6

A personality trait will exhibit itself in almost any situation responded to by the individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Unit of Analysis

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals, Dyads, Groups, and Organizations. 
B) Numerical designation assigned to each variable. 
C) When a decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase in another variable. 
D) Communication Satisfaction or Self-Disclosure. 
E) Specific Categories of a variable. 
A) Individuals, Dyads, Groups, and Organizations. 
B) Numerical designation assigned to each variable. 
C) When a decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase in another variable. 
D) Communication Satisfaction or Self-Disclosure. 
E) Specific Categories of a variable.

Question 8

Differentiate between the four variable levels, and provide an example for each.

Accepted Answer

The four variable levels are nominal, or

Question 9

Hollander (1976) noted that there are two basic dimensions of personality. Explain these two dimensions and how they influence communication research.

Accepted Answer

Hollander (1976) identified two basic di

Question 10

A negative relationship occurs when increases or decreases in an individual's scores on one variable correspond to increases or decreases in an individual's scores on a second variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The following scale is what type of interval measure: I feel the class's content is:
Bad 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Good
Valuable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Worthless

Accepted Answer

A) semantic differential 
B) Likert 
C) scalogram 
D) Thurstone 
A) semantic differential 
B) Likert 
C) scalogram 
D) Thurstone

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a concrete variable?

Accepted Answer

A) biological sex 
B) communication satisfaction 
C) self-disclosure 
D) age 
A) biological sex 
B) communication satisfaction 
C) self-disclosure 
D) age

Question 13

What is an entity that can take on an assortment of different values?

Accepted Answer

A) variable 
B) descriptive statistic 
C) inferential statistic 
D) unit of analysis 
A) variable 
B) descriptive statistic 
C) inferential statistic 
D) unit of analysis

Question 14

Danny is examining participant perceptions of credibility when exposed to either a short person or a tall person in an experiment. In this study, what would Danny's independent variable be?

Accepted Answer

A) height (tall vs.short) 
B) credibility 
C) difference of degree 
D) Danny 
A) height (tall vs.short) 
B) credibility 
C) difference of degree 
D) Danny

Question 15

When researchers assume that because a participant is a member of a specific group (such as a culture) he or she possesses all the same communication characteristics as the group, they have made a hasty generalization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Gregg is conducting a study using socioeconomic status (SES) as a variable. He categories SES into three groups: lower, middle, and upper. What type of variable is SES?

Accepted Answer

A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio 
A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio

Question 17

One's fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons is:

Accepted Answer

A) a trait 
B) a personality disorder 
C) communication apprehension 
D) ethnocentrism 
A) a trait 
B) a personality disorder 
C) communication apprehension 
D) ethnocentrism

Question 18

Roseanne is conducting a research study that examines conflict strategies in marriage.
Which type of unit of analysis is Roseanne using in her research study?

Accepted Answer

A) individual 
B) dyad 
C) group 
D) organization 
A) individual 
B) dyad 
C) group 
D) organization

Question 19

In her study on family communication patterns, Rose asks about her participants' birth order. Birth order would be considered what type of variable?

Accepted Answer

A) abstract 
B) concrete 
C) intervening 
D) dependent 
A) abstract 
B) concrete 
C) intervening 
D) dependent

Question 20

A Likert scale may be used to measure which level of variable?

Accepted Answer

A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio 
A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio

Exam 6: Variables

Beatty (1988) found that as an individual's level of public speaking anxiety increased, his or her level of conspicuousness also increased. What type of relationship did Beatty find?

The interval level of measurement is contingent upon an absolute zero.

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement. -Variable Value

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement. -Abstract Variable

Explain and provide an example of the two types of differences in research.

A personality trait will exhibit itself in almost any situation responded to by the individual.

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement. -Unit of Analysis

Differentiate between the four variable levels, and provide an example for each.

Hollander (1976) noted that there are two basic dimensions of personality. Explain these two dimensions and how they influence communication research.

A negative relationship occurs when increases or decreases in an individual's scores on one variable correspond to increases or decreases in an individual's scores on a second variable.

The following scale is what type of interval measure: I feel the class's content is: Bad 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Good Valuable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Worthless

Which of the following is an example of a concrete variable?

What is an entity that can take on an assortment of different values?

Danny is examining participant perceptions of credibility when exposed to either a short person or a tall person in an experiment. In this study, what would Danny's independent variable be?

When researchers assume that because a participant is a member of a specific group (such as a culture) he or she possesses all the same communication characteristics as the group, they have made a hasty generalization.

Gregg is conducting a study using socioeconomic status (SES) as a variable. He categories SES into three groups: lower, middle, and upper. What type of variable is SES?

One's fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons is:

Roseanne is conducting a research study that examines conflict strategies in marriage. Which type of unit of analysis is Roseanne using in her research study?

In her study on family communication patterns, Rose asks about her participants' birth order. Birth order would be considered what type of variable?

A Likert scale may be used to measure which level of variable?

An Introduction to Communication Research

Empirical Research

Research Ethics

Searching for Previous Research and American Psychological Association Style

Research Structure and Literature Reviews

Measurement

Reliability and Validity

Survey Research

Content Analysis

Experimental Design

Sampling Methods

Hypothesis Testing

Descriptive Statistics

Chi-Square 2 Test of Independence

Independent Samples T Tests

One-Way Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Regression

Presenting Research

Statistical Tests and Concepts in Research Analysis

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