Question 1

Which answer best represents the pretest-posttest control group design?

Accepted Answer

A) You randomize participants into two groups.The first group: you test them, expose them to the manipulation, and then retest them.The second group: you test them at the same time as you test the first group the first time, then wait and test them again when testing the first group the second time. 
B) You do not randomize participants into two groups.The first group: you test them, expose them to the manipulation, and then retest them.The second group: you test them at the same time as you test the first group the first time, then wait and test them again when testing the first group the second time. 
C) You randomize participants into two groups.You expose the first group to the manipulation, and then test them.The second group: you test them, expose them to the manipulation, and test them after the manipulation to examine possible change. 
D) You do not randomize participants into two groups.You expose the first group to the manipulation and then test them.The second group: you test them, expose them to the manipulation, and test them after the manipulation to examine possible change. 
A) You randomize participants into two groups.The first group: you test them, expose them to the manipulation, and then retest them.The second group: you test them at the same time as you test the first group the first time, then wait and test them again when testing the first group the second time. 
B) You do not randomize participants into two groups.The first group: you test them, expose them to the manipulation, and then retest them.The second group: you test them at the same time as you test the first group the first time, then wait and test them again when testing the first group the second time. 
C) You randomize participants into two groups.You expose the first group to the manipulation, and then test them.The second group: you test them, expose them to the manipulation, and test them after the manipulation to examine possible change. 
D) You do not randomize participants into two groups.You expose the first group to the manipulation and then test them.The second group: you test them, expose them to the manipulation, and test them after the manipulation to examine possible change. A

Question 2

In a one-shot case study design, a researcher uses a nonrandomized sample, gives the sample a pretest, manipulates the independent variable, and then gives the sample a posttest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Provide an original example of a 2  x2  x 2 factorial design.

Accepted Answer

Sure! Here is an original example of a 2 factorial design:

Let's say we are conducting a study to investigate the effects of two different factors, Factor A and Factor B, on plant growth. We have two levels for each factor: high and low.

We set up our experiment with 2 factors (A and B), each with 2 levels (high and low), and we have 10 replicates for each combination of factor levels.

So, our design looks like this:

Factor A: High, Low
Factor B: High, Low

We then randomly assign each replicate to one of the four possible combinations of factor levels:

1. High A, High B
2. High A, Low B
3. Low A, High B
4. Low A, Low B

And we have 10 replicates for each combination, resulting in a total of 40 experimental units.

This 2   2 factorial design allows us to investigate the main effects of Factor A and Factor B, as well as any interactions between the two factors, on plant growth.

Question 4

Explain four issues researchers need to be aware of when attempting to control an experiment.

Accepted Answer

1. Bias: Researchers need to be aware of

Question 5

For an experiment to be considered a "true" experiment, which of the following is necessary?

Accepted Answer

A) random assignment 
B) use of confederates 
C) mental measure-dependent variables 
D) manipulation checks 
A) random assignment 
B) use of confederates 
C) mental measure-dependent variables 
D) manipulation checks

Question 6

Stephanie is conducting an experiment. First, she randomizes her participants into two different groups. In the first group, she exposes the participants to a new political advertisement for a client and then asks about the likelihood that they would vote for the politician. In the second group, she just asks about the likelihood of voting for the politician. What experimental design is Stephanie using?

Accepted Answer

A) two-group posttest only 
B) randomized switching replications 
C) multiple time series 
D) static group comparison 
A) two-group posttest only 
B) randomized switching replications 
C) multiple time series 
D) static group comparison

Question 7

Jason is conducting an experiment to see how verbal aggression affects people's memories. To conduct the experiment, Jason has someone either walk into his classroom and calmly ask a question or storm into a classroom and ask the question in a verbally aggressive manner. The person who enters into the classroom is called a what?

Accepted Answer

A) confederate 
B) research associate 
C) participant 
D) secondary researcher 
A) confederate 
B) research associate 
C) participant 
D) secondary researcher

Question 8

The general reason scientists conduct an experiment is to

Accepted Answer

A) establish time order 
B) determine predictive validity 
C) assess independent variable effects 
D) establish relationships between variables 
A) establish time order 
B) determine predictive validity 
C) assess independent variable effects 
D) establish relationships between variables

Question 9

Describe several ways in which a researcher can manipulate an independent variable.

Accepted Answer

There are several ways in which a resear

Question 10

Rudy is participating in an experiment designed to measure people's ability to study under loud conditions. In the room Rudy is in, people are allowed to study in a quiet, calm atmosphere. In the other room, there is a lot of loud noise. Which group is Rudy in?

Accepted Answer

A) control group 
B) random group 
C) experimental group 
D) research group 
A) control group 
B) random group 
C) experimental group 
D) research group

Question 11

Victoria is conducting a study on the use of humor by police in public-police interactions. She conducts a study and trains a confederate to use humor, but she's not sure how much humor is necessary to get people to notice. What aspect of controlling experiments is Victoria resolving?

Accepted Answer

A) threshold effects 
B) experimenter effects 
C) Hawthorne effect 
D) reinforcing effects 
A) threshold effects 
B) experimenter effects 
C) Hawthorne effect 
D) reinforcing effects

Question 12

Polly wants to determine if the type of high school one attends affects his or her performance in college. Assuming Polly's socioeconomic status impacts her college choices, there may be a third variable influencing the results. In this example, Polly's socioeconomic status is what type of variable?

Accepted Answer

A) independent variable 
B) dependent variable 
C) control variable 
D) intervening variable 
A) independent variable 
B) dependent variable 
C) control variable 
D) intervening variable

Question 13

When a researcher attempts to manipulate more than one independent variable, what type of design is he or she using?

Accepted Answer

A) experimental design 
B) control group design 
C) cross-sectional design 
D) factorial experiment design 
A) experimental design 
B) control group design 
C) cross-sectional design 
D) factorial experiment design

Question 14

What is an experiment, and why do we do them?

Accepted Answer

An experiment is a procedure carried out

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order a researcher should follow when conducting an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) random assignment to groups, obtain consent, manipulate the independent variable, measure the dependent variable, debrief 
B) obtain consent, random assignment to groups, manipulate the independent variable, measure the dependent variable, debrief 
C) obtain consent, manipulate the independent variable, random assignment to groups, measure the dependent variable, debrief 
D) obtain consent, measure the dependent variable, manipulate the independent variable, random assignment to groups, debrief 
A) random assignment to groups, obtain consent, manipulate the independent variable, measure the dependent variable, debrief 
B) obtain consent, random assignment to groups, manipulate the independent variable, measure the dependent variable, debrief 
C) obtain consent, manipulate the independent variable, random assignment to groups, measure the dependent variable, debrief 
D) obtain consent, measure the dependent variable, manipulate the independent variable, random assignment to groups, debrief

Question 16

In true experimental designs participants in the study are nonrandomly placed into an experimental condition and the independent variable is actively manipulated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A threshold effect occurs when changes in a specific dependent variable are only seen after an independent variable reaches a certain level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a way to manipulate an independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A) expose the experimental group to a specific stimulus or phenomenon and not the control group 
B) manipulate written materials seen by participants 
C) manipulate audio and video segments seen by participants 
D) manipulate by waiting for things to naturally change in an environment 
A) expose the experimental group to a specific stimulus or phenomenon and not the control group 
B) manipulate written materials seen by participants 
C) manipulate audio and video segments seen by participants 
D) manipulate by waiting for things to naturally change in an environment

Question 19

Patrick is studying the impact of humorous test items on cognitive recall. In one section of a large lecture class, the participants are given a traditional test with no humorous items. In the second section, participants are given a test with numerous items designed to be funny. The group who received the traditional test with no humorous items is called a what?

Accepted Answer

A) control group 
B) experimental group 
C) pilot group 
D) nonrandomized group 
A) control group 
B) experimental group 
C) pilot group 
D) nonrandomized group

Question 20

Describe two ways of measuring a dependent variable and provide an example for each.

Accepted Answer

One way of measuring a dependent variabl

Which answer best represents the pretest-posttest control group design?

In a one-shot case study design, a researcher uses a nonrandomized sample, gives the sample a pretest, manipulates the independent variable, and then gives the sample a posttest.

Provide an original example of a 2 x2 x 2 factorial design.

Explain four issues researchers need to be aware of when attempting to control an experiment.

For an experiment to be considered a "true" experiment, which of the following is necessary?

The general reason scientists conduct an experiment is to

Describe several ways in which a researcher can manipulate an independent variable.

Rudy is participating in an experiment designed to measure people's ability to study under loud conditions. In the room Rudy is in, people are allowed to study in a quiet, calm atmosphere. In the other room, there is a lot of loud noise. Which group is Rudy in?

Victoria is conducting a study on the use of humor by police in public-police interactions. She conducts a study and trains a confederate to use humor, but she's not sure how much humor is necessary to get people to notice. What aspect of controlling experiments is Victoria resolving?

Polly wants to determine if the type of high school one attends affects his or her performance in college. Assuming Polly's socioeconomic status impacts her college choices, there may be a third variable influencing the results. In this example, Polly's socioeconomic status is what type of variable?

When a researcher attempts to manipulate more than one independent variable, what type of design is he or she using?

What is an experiment, and why do we do them?

Which of the following is the correct order a researcher should follow when conducting an experiment?

In true experimental designs participants in the study are nonrandomly placed into an experimental condition and the independent variable is actively manipulated.

A threshold effect occurs when changes in a specific dependent variable are only seen after an independent variable reaches a certain level.

Which of the following is NOT a way to manipulate an independent variable?

Describe two ways of measuring a dependent variable and provide an example for each.

An Introduction to Communication Research

Empirical Research

Research Ethics

Searching for Previous Research and American Psychological Association Style

Research Structure and Literature Reviews

Variables

Measurement

Reliability and Validity

Survey Research

Content Analysis

Sampling Methods

Hypothesis Testing

Descriptive Statistics

Chi-Square 2 Test of Independence

Independent Samples T Tests

One-Way Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Regression

Presenting Research

Statistical Tests and Concepts in Research Analysis

Filters

Exam 11: Experimental Design

Which answer best represents the pretest-posttest control group design?

In a one-shot case study design, a researcher uses a nonrandomized sample, gives the sample a pretest, manipulates the independent variable, and then gives the sample a posttest.

Provide an original example of a 2 x2 x 2 factorial design.

Explain four issues researchers need to be aware of when attempting to control an experiment.

For an experiment to be considered a "true" experiment, which of the following is necessary?

The general reason scientists conduct an experiment is to

Describe several ways in which a researcher can manipulate an independent variable.

Rudy is participating in an experiment designed to measure people's ability to study under loud conditions. In the room Rudy is in, people are allowed to study in a quiet, calm atmosphere. In the other room, there is a lot of loud noise. Which group is Rudy in?

Victoria is conducting a study on the use of humor by police in public-police interactions. She conducts a study and trains a confederate to use humor, but she's not sure how much humor is necessary to get people to notice. What aspect of controlling experiments is Victoria resolving?

When a researcher attempts to manipulate more than one independent variable, what type of design is he or she using?

What is an experiment, and why do we do them?

Which of the following is the correct order a researcher should follow when conducting an experiment?

In true experimental designs participants in the study are nonrandomly placed into an experimental condition and the independent variable is actively manipulated.

A threshold effect occurs when changes in a specific dependent variable are only seen after an independent variable reaches a certain level.

Which of the following is NOT a way to manipulate an independent variable?

Describe two ways of measuring a dependent variable and provide an example for each.

An Introduction to Communication Research

Empirical Research

Research Ethics

Searching for Previous Research and American Psychological Association Style

Research Structure and Literature Reviews

Variables

Measurement

Reliability and Validity

Survey Research

Content Analysis

Sampling Methods

Hypothesis Testing

Descriptive Statistics

Chi-Square 2 Test of Independence

Independent Samples T Tests

One-Way Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Regression

Presenting Research

Statistical Tests and Concepts in Research Analysis

Filters