Question 1

Explain why a researcher may need to adjust his or her alpha level using a Dunn-Sidak test.

Accepted Answer

A researcher may need to adjust his or her alpha level using a Dunn-Sidak test in order to control for the increased likelihood of making a Type I error when conducting multiple comparisons. When conducting multiple statistical tests, the probability of making at least one Type I error (rejecting a true null hypothesis) increases with each test conducted. The Dunn-Sidak test is a method for adjusting the alpha level to account for this increased risk of Type I errors. By using a lower alpha level, the researcher can reduce the overall probability of making a Type I error across all comparisons. This helps to ensure that any significant findings are not simply due to chance and increases the reliability of the research results. Adjusting the alpha level using a Dunn-Sidak test is therefore an important step in maintaining the validity of statistical analyses when conducting multiple comparisons.

Question 2

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.

-In the chi-square presented, what was N?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 
B) 50 
C) 2.93 
D) .005 
A) 100 
B) 50 
C) 2.93 
D) .005 A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a basic assumption that must be met prior to the utilization of the chi-square test?

Accepted Answer

A) Both variables being analyzed must be nominal in nature. 
B) Participants contributing data should represent a random sample drawn from the population of interest. 
C) If you have a 2 *2 table, there should be no fewer than three cases in every cell. 
D) One participant's appearance in a category should not affect the probability of another participant's appearance in another cell. 
A) Both variables being analyzed must be nominal in nature. 
B) Participants contributing data should represent a random sample drawn from the population of interest. 
C) If you have a 2 *2 table, there should be no fewer than three cases in every cell. 
D) One participant's appearance in a category should not affect the probability of another participant's appearance in another cell. C

Question 4

To conduct a chi-square test, what is the appropriate combination of variables?

Accepted Answer

A) nominal, ratio 
B) nominal, interval 
C) interval, ratio 
D) nominal, nominal 
A) nominal, ratio 
B) nominal, interval 
C) interval, ratio 
D) nominal, nominal

Question 5

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.

-In the chi-square presented, which of the following is the correct APA write-up?

Accepted Answer

A) $\chi$ (2) = 2.93, p = .23 
B) $\chi$2 (1) = 2.95, p = .23 
C) $\chi$ (2) = 2.93, p 2 (1) = 2.95, p < .05 
A) $\chi$ (2) = 2.93, p = .23 
B) $\chi$2 (1) = 2.95, p = .23 
C) $\chi$ (2) = 2.93, p 2 (1) = 2.95, p < .05

Question 6

Chi-square equals which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) sum of (expected frequency - observed frequency)2/expected frequency 
B) sum of (expected frequency - observed frequency)2/observed frequency 
C) sum of (observed frequency - expected frequency)2/expected frequency 
D) sum of (observed frequency - expected frequency)2/observed frequency 
A) sum of (expected frequency - observed frequency)2/expected frequency 
B) sum of (expected frequency - observed frequency)2/observed frequency 
C) sum of (observed frequency - expected frequency)2/expected frequency 
D) sum of (observed frequency - expected frequency)2/observed frequency

Question 7

The one-sample chi-square test is more likely to yield significance if the sample proportions
for the categories differ greatly from the hypothesized proportions and if the sample size is small.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Explain the purposes of a chi-square statistical test.

Accepted Answer

The chi-square statistical test is used

Question 9

Write one research question and one hypothesis that can be addressed using a chi-square.

Accepted Answer

Research Question: 
Is there a relations

Question 10

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.

-In the chi-square presented, what is the calculated value?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.93 
B) 2.95 
C) 2.39 
D) 1.50 
A) 2.93 
B) 2.95 
C) 2.39 
D) 1.50

Question 11

The chi-square is what type of test?

Accepted Answer

A) a difference test 
B) a relationship test 
C) a power test 
D) an effect size test 
A) a difference test 
B) a relationship test 
C) a power test 
D) an effect size test

Question 12

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Critical Value Table

Accepted Answer

A) A table that has been previously created to determine where specific chi-square calculated values are statistically significant. 
B) Statistical difference test used when a researcher has two nominal variables. 
C) The number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary. 
D) Statistical test that demonstrates how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable. 
E) Statistical test that readjusts the probability level to correct for possible compounded error resulting from multiple pairwise comparisons to help prevent type I error. 
A) A table that has been previously created to determine where specific chi-square calculated values are statistically significant. 
B) Statistical difference test used when a researcher has two nominal variables. 
C) The number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary. 
D) Statistical test that demonstrates how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable. 
E) Statistical test that readjusts the probability level to correct for possible compounded error resulting from multiple pairwise comparisons to help prevent type I error.

Question 13

Bob is conducting a chi-square and has one group that has three nominal variables and another that as four. What would his df be?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 12 
C) 4 
D) 2 
A) 6 
B) 12 
C) 4 
D) 2

Question 14

Which of the following should be the first step in computing the chi-square test of independence?

Accepted Answer

A) add the totals from each row separately 
B) calculate the degrees of freedom 
C) keep careful track of where you are getting your numbers from 
D) calculate the sampling error 
A) add the totals from each row separately 
B) calculate the degrees of freedom 
C) keep careful track of where you are getting your numbers from 
D) calculate the sampling error

Question 15

Explain how to conduct a chi-square test, step by step.

Accepted Answer

Sure! Here are the steps to conduct a ch

Question 16

One way to prevent Type I error is to lower the significance level. Which of the following tests may be used to help a researcher lower the significance level?

Accepted Answer

A) Cross tab 
B) Cronbach's alpha 
C) Cramer's phi 
D) Dunn-Sidak test 
A) Cross tab 
B) Cronbach's alpha 
C) Cramer's phi 
D) Dunn-Sidak test

Question 17

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Chi-square

Accepted Answer

A) A table that has been previously created to determine where specific chi-square calculated values are statistically significant. 
B) Statistical difference test used when a researcher has two nominal variables. 
C) The number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary. 
D) Statistical test that demonstrates how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable. 
E) Statistical test that readjusts the probability level to correct for possible compounded error resulting from multiple pairwise comparisons to help prevent type I error. 
A) A table that has been previously created to determine where specific chi-square calculated values are statistically significant. 
B) Statistical difference test used when a researcher has two nominal variables. 
C) The number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary. 
D) Statistical test that demonstrates how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable. 
E) Statistical test that readjusts the probability level to correct for possible compounded error resulting from multiple pairwise comparisons to help prevent type I error.

Question 18

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.

-In the chi-square presented, how would you categorize the p value?

Accepted Answer

A) p > .05 B) p < .05 C) p < .01 D) p < .005 A) p > .05 B) p < .05 C) p < .01 D) p < .005

Question 19

When using SPSS to calculate chi-square, which functions should you use?

Accepted Answer

A) Crosstabs 
B) Crossword 
C) calculated value 
D) Cramer's phi 
A) Crosstabs 
B) Crossword 
C) calculated value 
D) Cramer's phi

Question 20

Explain the purpose of degrees of freedom within statistics.

Accepted Answer

In statistics, degrees of freedom (often

Explain why a researcher may need to adjust his or her alpha level using a Dunn-Sidak test.

Which of the following is NOT a basic assumption that must be met prior to the utilization of the chi-square test?

To conduct a chi-square test, what is the appropriate combination of variables?

Chi-square equals which of the following?

The one-sample chi-square test is more likely to yield significance if the sample proportions for the categories differ greatly from the hypothesized proportions and if the sample size is small.

Explain the purposes of a chi-square statistical test.

Write one research question and one hypothesis that can be addressed using a chi-square.

The chi-square is what type of test?

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement. -Critical Value Table

Bob is conducting a chi-square and has one group that has three nominal variables and another that as four. What would his df be?

Which of the following should be the first step in computing the chi-square test of independence?

Explain how to conduct a chi-square test, step by step.

One way to prevent Type I error is to lower the significance level. Which of the following tests may be used to help a researcher lower the significance level?

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement. -Chi-square

When using SPSS to calculate chi-square, which functions should you use?

Explain the purpose of degrees of freedom within statistics.

An Introduction to Communication Research

Empirical Research

Research Ethics

Searching for Previous Research and American Psychological Association Style

Research Structure and Literature Reviews

Variables

Measurement

Reliability and Validity

Survey Research

Content Analysis

Experimental Design

Sampling Methods

Hypothesis Testing

Descriptive Statistics

Independent Samples T Tests

One-Way Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Regression

Presenting Research

Statistical Tests and Concepts in Research Analysis

Filters

Exam 15: Chi-Square 2 Test of Independence

Explain why a researcher may need to adjust his or her alpha level using a Dunn-Sidak test.

Which of the following is NOT a basic assumption that must be met prior to the utilization of the chi-square test?

To conduct a chi-square test, what is the appropriate combination of variables?

Chi-square equals which of the following?

The one-sample chi-square test is more likely to yield significance if the sample proportions for the categories differ greatly from the hypothesized proportions and if the sample size is small.

Explain the purposes of a chi-square statistical test.

Write one research question and one hypothesis that can be addressed using a chi-square.

The chi-square is what type of test?

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement. -Critical Value Table

Bob is conducting a chi-square and has one group that has three nominal variables and another that as four. What would his df be?

Which of the following should be the first step in computing the chi-square test of independence?

Explain how to conduct a chi-square test, step by step.

One way to prevent Type I error is to lower the significance level. Which of the following tests may be used to help a researcher lower the significance level?

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement. -Chi-square

When using SPSS to calculate chi-square, which functions should you use?

Explain the purpose of degrees of freedom within statistics.

An Introduction to Communication Research

Empirical Research

Research Ethics

Searching for Previous Research and American Psychological Association Style

Research Structure and Literature Reviews

Variables

Measurement

Reliability and Validity

Survey Research

Content Analysis

Experimental Design

Sampling Methods

Hypothesis Testing

Descriptive Statistics

Independent Samples T Tests

One-Way Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Regression

Presenting Research

Statistical Tests and Concepts in Research Analysis

Filters