Exam 4: Making Arguments for Association and Causality

Explain the three sources of random error and suggest how you might respond to each source of error to try to control for it.

Contrast the simple random sampling method with non-random sampling method. Give a reason that a researcher might prefer random sampling and a reason that a researcher might choose nonrandom sampling.

Which of the following can be said about the hypothesis "biological sex will yield significant differences in the frequency of talk over a 30-minute conversation"?

Research suggests that the use of this non-random sampling method improved both the accuracy and representation in the samples

Which sources of error contribute to inconsistent measurement?

What is the most effective procedure for measuring respondents' own beliefs, attitudes, and values?

When researchers start with observations and then derive their claims about the communication being observed, they are using which type of reasoning?

In quantitative social science research, bias refers to

To determine a causal relationship, which condition(s) is necessary?

To find participants for your study, you stop students in the cafeteria and ask them to complete your survey. You are using this approach to sampling:

Discuss two ways that researchers try to ensure internal/external validity and two ways they try to ensure measurement reliability.

In my study of leadership, I want to assure consistency in my leadership group so I assess them by having them complete a leadership instrument several different times throughout the semester. I am assessing reliability with:

A researcher uses videotaped conversations between married couples to investigate self-disclosure in intimate relationships. What is the data source?

Precision refers to

Quantitative social science research's focus on prediction and control arises from its central core value of:

A researcher who attempts to validate a set of results by repeating the same study in a different setting is concerned with

A researcher predicts that the variable biological sex will yield significant differences in the frequency of talk over a 30-minute conversation. Frequency of talk is called the:

A researcher creates a categorizing scheme for all of the competitive strategies people use in their interaction with each other. This scheme is called a:

Identify and give examples of each of the four types of data sources.

You and another student in your class have agreed to work together to identify every threat and promise made by your instructor during class sessions over a two-week period. When you assess the degree to which you both identified the same threats and promises, you will be concerned about: