Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. \(\begin{array}{|ll|} \underline {X}& \underline{Y}\\ 2 & 8 \\ 5 & 5 \\ 6 & 1 \\ 8 & 4 \\ 9 & 7 \end{array}\) -What would the standard error of the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

A) 0.071 B) 0.462 C) 0.556 D) 0.650 A) 0.071 B) 0.462 C) 0.556 D) 0.650

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. \(\begin{array}{|ll|} \underline {X}& \underline{Y}\\ 2 & 8 \\ 5 & 5 \\ 6 & 1 \\ 8 & 4 \\ 9 & 7 \end{array}\) -What would the sum of the products be for this data set?

A) -8 B) -6 C) 4 D) 20 A) -8 B) -6 C) 4 D) 20

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. \(\begin{array}{|ll|} \hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \\ 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 \\ 6 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 \\ 8 & 6 \\ 9 & 8 \\ \hline \end{array}\) -What is the t-value for a significance test of r?

A) -0.479 B) -0.979 C) -1.479 D) -1.979 A) -0.479 B) -0.979 C) -1.479 D) -1.979

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. \(\begin{array}{|ll|} \hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \\ 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 \\ 6 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 \\ 8 & 6 \\ 9 & 8 \\ \hline \end{array}\) -What would the t-value be for a t-test of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for this data set?

A) 2.973 B) 3.073 C) 3.175 D) 3.335 A) 2.973 B) 3.073 C) 3.175 D) 3.335

Exam 16: Correlation Between Numerical Variables

Calculated values for the Spearman's rank correlation can be treated like regular correlation coefficients with respect to determining the t-value when the sample size exceeds 20.

Free

(True/False)

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Question 1

Correct Answer:

Verified

False

What is the general pattern seen in funnel plots used to examine publication bias?

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(Multiple Choice)

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Question 2

Correct Answer:

Verified

C

This value measures the strength and direction of the association between two numerical variables.

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(Multiple Choice)

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Question 3

Correct Answer:

Verified

A

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the standard error of the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 4

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the sum of the products be for this data set?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 5

The term ____ is used to describe the phenomenon by which measurement error reduces the absolute value of r.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 6

The correlation coefficient measures the strength, but not the direction, of the association between two numerical variables.

(True/False)

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Question 7

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the t-value for a significance test of r?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 8

Consider the data set shown. Conduct a full correlation analysis on these values. 7 5 7 8 9 7 11 9 12 8 16 11 (a) Make a graph of the data points. (b) Calculate the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence interval. (c) Calculate the t-value for the correlation coefficient. (d) Using your results from (b) and (c), make a statement about the significance of the association between the X and Y values.

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Question 9

The value of the correlation coefficient increases as the difference between the largest and smallest X values increases.

(True/False)

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Question 10

When might we prefer to use rank data even if we have quantitative values for our variables?

(Short Answer)

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Question 11

The technique that measures the strength and direction of the linear association between the ranks of two variables is called which of the following?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 12

Consider two different kinds of publication bias: one arising from the behaviors of journal reviewers and the other arising from the economic interests of companies that fund the research. Both are sources of publication bias, but the reasons differ. Describe how the biases are caused and contrast the morality of the scientists submitting the papers in these two situations.

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Question 13

A statistically significant correlation coefficient indicates a linear relationship between the two variables.

(True/False)

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Question 14

A bivariate distribution has all of the following features except which one?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 15

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the t-value be for a t-test of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for this data set?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 16

We use the standard error of the correlation coefficient to calculate confidence intervals for the correlation coefficient.

(True/False)

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Question 17

Consider the data set shown. Conduct a full correlation analysis on these values. 7 5 7 8 9 7 11 9 12 8 16 11 (a) Make a graph of the data points. (b) Calculate the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence interval. (c) Calculate the t-value for the correlation coefficient. (d) Using your results from (b) and (c), make a statement about the significance of the association between the X and Y values.

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Question 18

When can you use a subset of the range of values to estimate the correlation coefficient for the whole range?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 19

Consider the data set shown. Convert these values into ranks and conduct a Spearman's rank correlation analysis. 15 1 18 3 17 4 22 6 24 4 30 6 (a) Calculate the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and standard error. (b) Calculate the t-value for the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. (c) Using your results from (a) and (b), make a statement about the significance of the association between the X and Y values.

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Question 20

Calculated values for the Spearman's rank correlation can be treated like regular correlation coefficients with respect to determining the t-value when the sample size exceeds 20.

What is the general pattern seen in funnel plots used to examine publication bias?

This value measures the strength and direction of the association between two numerical variables.

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the standard error of the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the sum of the products be for this data set?

The term ____ is used to describe the phenomenon by which measurement error reduces the absolute value of r.

The correlation coefficient measures the strength, but not the direction, of the association between two numerical variables.

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the t-value for a significance test of r?

The value of the correlation coefficient increases as the difference between the largest and smallest X values increases.

When might we prefer to use rank data even if we have quantitative values for our variables?

The technique that measures the strength and direction of the linear association between the ranks of two variables is called which of the following?

A statistically significant correlation coefficient indicates a linear relationship between the two variables.

A bivariate distribution has all of the following features except which one?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the t-value be for a t-test of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for this data set?

We use the standard error of the correlation coefficient to calculate confidence intervals for the correlation coefficient.

When can you use a subset of the range of values to estimate the correlation coefficient for the whole range?

Statistics and Samples

Displaying Data

Describing Data

Estimating With Uncertainty

Probability

Hypothesis Testing

Analyzing Proportions

Fitting Probability Models to Frequency Data

Contingency Analysis: Associations Between

The Normal Distribution

Inference for a Normal Population

Comparing Two Means

Handling Violations of Assumptions

Designing Experiments

Comparing Means of More Than Two Groups

Regression

Multiple Explanatory Variables

Computer-Intensive Methods

Likelihood

Meta-Analysis: Combining Information From

Filters

Exam 16: Correlation Between Numerical Variables

Calculated values for the Spearman's rank correlation can be treated like regular correlation coefficients with respect to determining the t-value when the sample size exceeds 20.

What is the general pattern seen in funnel plots used to examine publication bias?

This value measures the strength and direction of the association between two numerical variables.

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. ​ 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the standard error of the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. ​ 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the sum of the products be for this data set?

The term ____ is used to describe the phenomenon by which measurement error reduces the absolute value of r.

The correlation coefficient measures the strength, but not the direction, of the association between two numerical variables.

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. ​ 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the t-value for a significance test of r?

The value of the correlation coefficient increases as the difference between the largest and smallest X values increases.

When might we prefer to use rank data even if we have quantitative values for our variables?

The technique that measures the strength and direction of the linear association between the ranks of two variables is called which of the following?

A statistically significant correlation coefficient indicates a linear relationship between the two variables.

A bivariate distribution has all of the following features except which one?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the t-value be for a t-test of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for this data set?

We use the standard error of the correlation coefficient to calculate confidence intervals for the correlation coefficient.

When can you use a subset of the range of values to estimate the correlation coefficient for the whole range?

Statistics and Samples

Displaying Data

Describing Data

Estimating With Uncertainty

Probability

Hypothesis Testing

Analyzing Proportions

Fitting Probability Models to Frequency Data

Contingency Analysis: Associations Between

The Normal Distribution

Inference for a Normal Population

Comparing Two Means

Handling Violations of Assumptions

Designing Experiments

Comparing Means of More Than Two Groups

Regression

Multiple Explanatory Variables

Computer-Intensive Methods

Likelihood

Meta-Analysis: Combining Information From

Filters

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the standard error of the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the sum of the products be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the t-value for a significance test of r?