Question 1

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\underline {X}& \underline{Y}\
2 & 8 \
5 & 5 \
6 & 1 \
8 & 4 \
9 & 7
\end{array}$
-What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Accepted Answer

A)  -0.810 to 0.665 
B)  -0.850 to 0.725 
C)  -0.890 to 0.765 
D)  -0.930 to 0.805 
A)  -0.810 to 0.665 
B)  -0.850 to 0.725 
C)  -0.890 to 0.765 
D)  -0.930 to 0.805

Question 2

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 3 \
4 & 5 \
6 & 6 \
7 & 8 \
8 & 6 \
9 & 8 \
\hline
\end{array}$
-What would the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.799 
B)  0.829 
C)  0.859 
D)  0.889 
A)  0.799 
B)  0.829 
C)  0.859 
D)  0.889

Question 3

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 3 \
4 & 5 \
6 & 6 \
7 & 8 \
8 & 6 \
9 & 8 \
\hline
\end{array}$
-What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Accepted Answer

A)  0.123 to 2.954 
B)  -0.093 to 2.904 
C)  0.063 to 2.854 
D)  0.286 to 2.548 
A)  0.123 to 2.954 
B)  -0.093 to 2.904 
C)  0.063 to 2.854 
D)  0.286 to 2.548

Question 4

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 3 \
4 & 5 \
6 & 6 \
7 & 8 \
8 & 6 \
9 & 8 \
\hline
\end{array}$
-What would the z-transformation of the correlation coefficient be?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.379 
B)  -1.399 
C)  1.419 
D)  1.439 
A)  1.379 
B)  -1.399 
C)  1.419 
D)  1.439

Question 5

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 3 \
4 & 5 \
6 & 6 \
7 & 8 \
8 & 6 \
9 & 8 \
\hline
\end{array}$
-What would the standard error of the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.244 
B)  0.228 
C)  0.284 
D)  0.304 
A)  0.244 
B)  0.228 
C)  0.284 
D)  0.304

Question 6

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\underline {X}& \underline{Y}\
2 & 8 \
5 & 5 \
6 & 1 \
8 & 4 \
9 & 7
\end{array}$
-What would the z-transformation of the correlation coefficient be?

Accepted Answer

A)  -0.273 
B)  -0.233 
C)  -0.193 
D)  -0.153 
A)  -0.273 
B)  -0.233 
C)  -0.193 
D)  -0.153

Question 7

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\underline {X}& \underline{Y}\
2 & 8 \
5 & 5 \
6 & 1 \
8 & 4 \
9 & 7
\end{array}$
-What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Accepted Answer

A)  -1.88 to 1.31 
B)  -1.77 to 1.21 
C)  -1.66 to 1.11 
D)  -1.55 to 1.01 
A)  -1.88 to 1.31 
B)  -1.77 to 1.21 
C)  -1.66 to 1.11 
D)  -1.55 to 1.01

Question 8

The absolute value of the correlation coefficient is between zero and one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5.
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 3 \
4 & 5 \
6 & 6 \
7 & 8 \
8 & 6 \
9 & 8 \
\hline
\end{array}$
-What would the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.797 
B)  0.827 
C)  0.857 
D)  0.887 
A)  0.797 
B)  0.827 
C)  0.857 
D)  0.887

Question 10

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 3 \
4 & 5 \
6 & 6 \
7 & 8 \
8 & 6 \
9 & 8 \
\hline
\end{array}$
-What is the t-value for a significance test of ??

Accepted Answer

A)  3.268 
B)  3.899 
C)  3.468 
D)  3.568 
A)  3.268 
B)  3.899 
C)  3.468 
D)  3.568

Question 11

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 3 \
4 & 5 \
6 & 6 \
7 & 8 \
8 & 6 \
9 & 8 \
\hline
\end{array}$
-What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Accepted Answer

A)  0.033 to 0.993 
B)  -0.023 to 0.983 
C)  0.013 to 0.973 
D)  0.277 to 0.987 
A)  0.033 to 0.993 
B)  -0.023 to 0.983 
C)  0.013 to 0.973 
D)  0.277 to 0.987

Question 12

When we determine that two variables are correlated, which of the following is the best way to think about our observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Correlation alone does not tell us anything. 
B)  One of them is causing the other, but we don't know which is which 
C)  Something interesting is going on, but we need more information. 
D)  The relationship between the two factors is linear, not curved. 
A)  Correlation alone does not tell us anything. 
B)  One of them is causing the other, but we don't know which is which 
C)  Something interesting is going on, but we need more information. 
D)  The relationship between the two factors is linear, not curved.

Question 13

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 8 \
5 & 5 \
6 & 1 \
8 & 4 \
9 & 7 \
\hline
\end{array}$ ​
-What would the t-value be for a t-test of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for this data set?

Accepted Answer

A)  -0.545 
B)  -0.585 
C)  -0.625 
D)  -0.665 
A)  -0.545 
B)  -0.585 
C)  -0.625 
D)  -0.665

Question 14

When two numerical variables are correlated, then the relationship between them is linear.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 3 \
4 & 5 \
6 & 6 \
7 & 8 \
8 & 6 \
9 & 8 \
\hline
\end{array}$
-What would the sum of the products be for this data set?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  22 
C)  24 
D)  26 
A)  20 
B)  22 
C)  24 
D)  26

Question 16

Consider the data set shown. Convert these values into ranks and conduct a Spearman's rank correlation analysis.
​
 $\begin{array}{|rr|}
\hline \underline{x} & \underline{y} \
7 & 5 \
7 & 8 \
9 & 7 \
11 & 9 \
12 & 8 \
16 & 11\
\hline
\end{array}$ (a) Calculate the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and standard error.
(b) Calculate the t-value for the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
(c) Using your results from (a) and (b), make a statement about the significance of the association between the X and Y values.

Accepted Answer

To conduct a Spearman's rank correlation

Question 17

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5.
​
 $\begin{array}{|ll|}
\hline \underline{X} & \underline{y} \
2 & 8 \
5 & 5 \
6 & 1 \
8 & 4 \
9 & 7 \
\hline
\end{array}$ ​
-What would the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Accepted Answer

A)  -0.333 
B)  -0.300 
C)  -0.267 
D)  -0.233 
A)  -0.333 
B)  -0.300 
C)  -0.267 
D)  -0.233

Question 18

A funnel plot is a graphical method to examine the relationship between the sample size of an experiment and the estimated effect size from that experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If measurement error in our variables is high when attempting to calculate correlation coefficients, which of the following three approaches is not a good way to deal with this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Find a different measuring method that yields more precise measurements. 
B)  Measure each individual multiple times and use the average value. 
C)  Remeasure individuals with the most extreme values to eliminate outliers. 
D)  Use repeat measurements to calculate a corrected correlation, r*. 
A)  Find a different measuring method that yields more precise measurements. 
B)  Measure each individual multiple times and use the average value. 
C)  Remeasure individuals with the most extreme values to eliminate outliers. 
D)  Use repeat measurements to calculate a corrected correlation, r*.

Question 20

Research studies with many test results where P > 0.05 are often easier to publish than those in which most of the tests result in P < 0.05.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the z-transformation of the correlation coefficient be?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the standard error of the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the z-transformation of the correlation coefficient be?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

The absolute value of the correlation coefficient is between zero and one.

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the t-value for a significance test of ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

When we determine that two variables are correlated, which of the following is the best way to think about our observation?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the t-value be for a t-test of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for this data set?

When two numerical variables are correlated, then the relationship between them is linear.

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the sum of the products be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient be for this data set?

A funnel plot is a graphical method to examine the relationship between the sample size of an experiment and the estimated effect size from that experiment.

If measurement error in our variables is high when attempting to calculate correlation coefficients, which of the following three approaches is not a good way to deal with this?

Research studies with many test results where P > 0.05 are often easier to publish than those in which most of the tests result in P < 0.05.

Statistics and Samples

Displaying Data

Describing Data

Estimating With Uncertainty

Probability

Hypothesis Testing

Analyzing Proportions

Fitting Probability Models to Frequency Data

Contingency Analysis: Associations Between

The Normal Distribution

Inference for a Normal Population

Comparing Two Means

Handling Violations of Assumptions

Designing Experiments

Comparing Means of More Than Two Groups

Regression

Multiple Explanatory Variables

Computer-Intensive Methods

Likelihood

Meta-Analysis: Combining Information From

Filters

Exam 16: Correlation Between Numerical Variables

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. ​ 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. ​ 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. ​ 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. ​ 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the z-transformation of the correlation coefficient be?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. ​ 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the standard error of the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. ​ 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the z-transformation of the correlation coefficient be?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. ​ 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

The absolute value of the correlation coefficient is between zero and one.

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. ​ 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the t-value for a significance test of ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. ​ 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

When we determine that two variables are correlated, which of the following is the best way to think about our observation?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. ​ 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 ​ -What would the t-value be for a t-test of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for this data set?

When two numerical variables are correlated, then the relationship between them is linear.

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. ​ 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the sum of the products be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. ​ 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 ​ -What would the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient be for this data set?

A funnel plot is a graphical method to examine the relationship between the sample size of an experiment and the estimated effect size from that experiment.

If measurement error in our variables is high when attempting to calculate correlation coefficients, which of the following three approaches is not a good way to deal with this?

Research studies with many test results where P > 0.05 are often easier to publish than those in which most of the tests result in P < 0.05.

Statistics and Samples

Displaying Data

Describing Data

Estimating With Uncertainty

Probability

Hypothesis Testing

Analyzing Proportions

Fitting Probability Models to Frequency Data

Contingency Analysis: Associations Between

The Normal Distribution

Inference for a Normal Population

Comparing Two Means

Handling Violations of Assumptions

Designing Experiments

Comparing Means of More Than Two Groups

Regression

Multiple Explanatory Variables

Computer-Intensive Methods

Likelihood

Meta-Analysis: Combining Information From

Filters

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the z-transformation of the correlation coefficient be?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the standard error of the correlation coefficient be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the z-transformation of the correlation coefficient be?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the t-value for a significance test of ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What is the 95% confidence interval for ??

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the t-value be for a t-test of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 6. 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 6 9 8 -What would the sum of the products be for this data set?

Consider the data set shown. The mean X value is 6 and the mean Y value is 5. 2 8 5 5 6 1 8 4 9 7 -What would the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient be for this data set?