Exam 1: Statistics and Samples

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If we measured the mass of subjects and then placed these observed individuals into groups with the labels "light," "medium," and "heavy," what type of variable have we created for our sample?

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Which of the following is correct?

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If we are conducting a study and seeking to determine the relationship between two variables, but a third variable complicates the situation and makes it hard to figure out the causal relationship, we term this third variable a(n) _____ variable.

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Consider the figure showing the final position of balls dropped that had been aimed at the indentation. Which of the plots shows the situation best described as good accuracy, poor precision? Consider the figure showing the final position of balls dropped that had been aimed at the indentation. Which of the plots shows the situation best described as good accuracy, poor precision?

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Consider the figure showing the final position of balls dropped that had been aimed at the indentation. Which of the plots shows the situation best described as poor accuracy, good precision? Consider the figure showing the final position of balls dropped that had been aimed at the indentation. Which of the plots shows the situation best described as poor accuracy, good precision?

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In ______ studies, subjects are randomly assigned to treatment groups, whereas in ______ studies, subjects are assigned to treatment groups for reasons beyond the control of the researchers.

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If we administered psychological tests to a set of students and then placed these subjects into groups with the labels "anxious," "calm," "angry," and "control," what type of variable have we created for our sample?

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When we look at the association between two variables, we term the one that predicts or influences the other the _____ variable, whereas the one being influenced is termed the _____ variable.

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Sampling error is defined as differences between the estimate and the estimated parameter due to which of the following?

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When a researcher takes a sample of individuals because they are easily available, rather than choosing randomly, we say they have done which of the following?

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The measurements of one or more variables made on a sample of individuals is called which of the following?

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Other terms for a "sampling unit" include all of the following, except one.

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Which of the following is a major benefit of experimental studies over observational ones?

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Characteristics or measurements that differ from individual to individual are called which of the following?

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When we look at a sample, the number of times a specific measurement is observed is called the _____ of the observation.

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When a study recruits people at large and some types of people sign up more because of a systematic difference in their behavior, our sample may be prone to which of the following types of bias?

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