Question 1

Pathogenesis

Accepted Answer

A)  natural habitat or host of pathogen until it finds a new host 
B)  pathogens remain with their host and cannot be transmitted 
C)  infectious disease shared by animals and humans 
D)  origin and development of a disease 
A)  natural habitat or host of pathogen until it finds a new host 
B)  pathogens remain with their host and cannot be transmitted 
C)  infectious disease shared by animals and humans 
D)  origin and development of a disease D

Question 2

Damages connective tissue by degrading collagen, a key fiber

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyaluronidase 
B)  Coagulase 
C)  Protease 
D)  Collagenase 
A)  Hyaluronidase 
B)  Coagulase 
C)  Protease 
D)  Collagenase D

Question 3

Staphylococcus aureus is a major Gram-positive pathogen that produces many different enzymes and toxins capable of damaging host tissues. Examples of the diseases caused by S. aureus include which of the following (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  minor infections such as impetigo, boils, and abscesses 
B)  pharyngitis 
C)  pneumonia 
D)  meningitis 
A)  minor infections such as impetigo, boils, and abscesses 
B)  pharyngitis 
C)  pneumonia 
D)  meningitis A,C,D

Question 4

When pathogens remain with their host and cannot be transmitted

Accepted Answer

A)  Reservoir 
B)  Communicable pathogens 
C)  Noncommunicable pathogens 
D)  Zoonosis 
A)  Reservoir 
B)  Communicable pathogens 
C)  Noncommunicable pathogens 
D)  Zoonosis

Question 5

The term perinatal infections best describes

Accepted Answer

A)  vertically transmitted infections that occur within the first trimester of a pregnancy 
B)  vertically transmitted infections that occur within the second trimester of a pregnancy 
C)  vertically transmitted infections that occur between 22 weeks of pregnancy and 7 days post birth 
D)  vertically transmitted infections that occur any time during pregnancy 
A)  vertically transmitted infections that occur within the first trimester of a pregnancy 
B)  vertically transmitted infections that occur within the second trimester of a pregnancy 
C)  vertically transmitted infections that occur between 22 weeks of pregnancy and 7 days post birth 
D)  vertically transmitted infections that occur any time during pregnancy

Question 6

Streptococcus pyogenes is sometimes referred to as flesh-eating bacteria. The strains of Streptococcus pyogenes that cause necrotizing fasiitis (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  produce collagenase and hyaluronidase 
B)  are able to easily digest fascia and muscle often requiring surgical intervention to save lives 
C)  produce coagulase that causes clots that block influx of fresh nutrients and oxygen gas 
D)  produce an endotoxin that causes disseminated intravascular coagulation 
A)  produce collagenase and hyaluronidase 
B)  are able to easily digest fascia and muscle often requiring surgical intervention to save lives 
C)  produce coagulase that causes clots that block influx of fresh nutrients and oxygen gas 
D)  produce an endotoxin that causes disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 7

Which of these is an example of vertical transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  water to human host 
B)  biological vector like mosquito 
C)  pregnant mother to unborn fetus 
D)  airborne tuberculosis bacterium 
A)  water to human host 
B)  biological vector like mosquito 
C)  pregnant mother to unborn fetus 
D)  airborne tuberculosis bacterium

Question 8

An example of a pathogen that avoids host defenses as shown is

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Chlamydia trachomatis 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae type b 
A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Chlamydia trachomatis 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae type b

Question 9

Communicable pathogens

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogens remain with their host and cannot be transmitted 
B)  infectious disease shared by animals and humans 
C)  origin and development of a disease 
D)  pathogens may be transmitted to other hosts 
A)  pathogens remain with their host and cannot be transmitted 
B)  infectious disease shared by animals and humans 
C)  origin and development of a disease 
D)  pathogens may be transmitted to other hosts

Question 10

What are some of the risks associated with the spread of Gram-negative bacteria in the body? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth of Gram-negative bacteria in the blood can lead to septicemia. 
B)  Overgrowth of Gram-negative bacteria and their exotoxin will induce the production of TNF in leukocytes that engulf them. 
C)  Large numbers of gram negative bacteria in the blood cause the release of large amounts of TNF that can damage capillaries causing the formation of blood clots, a condition known as Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DI
C) . 
D)  Large numbers of gram negative bacteria in the blood cause the release of large amounts of TNF that can damage capillaries causing loss of fluid resulting in hypotension and potentially shock. 
A)  Growth of Gram-negative bacteria in the blood can lead to septicemia. 
B)  Overgrowth of Gram-negative bacteria and their exotoxin will induce the production of TNF in leukocytes that engulf them. 
C)  Large numbers of gram negative bacteria in the blood cause the release of large amounts of TNF that can damage capillaries causing the formation of blood clots, a condition known as Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DI
C) . 
D)  Large numbers of gram negative bacteria in the blood cause the release of large amounts of TNF that can damage capillaries causing loss of fluid resulting in hypotension and potentially shock.

Question 11

Why is the Gram-negative spirochete Treponema pallidum able to evade immune system detection? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  there are not very many antigenic proteins imbedded in the LPS of the outer membrane 
B)  the single flagellum is hidden as an axial filament under the outer membrane of the cell wall 
C)  immune system detection occurs only after an individual cell dies leaving the living progeny able to cause disease 
D)  T. pallidum can hide inside living cells 
A)  there are not very many antigenic proteins imbedded in the LPS of the outer membrane 
B)  the single flagellum is hidden as an axial filament under the outer membrane of the cell wall 
C)  immune system detection occurs only after an individual cell dies leaving the living progeny able to cause disease 
D)  T. pallidum can hide inside living cells

Question 12

A pathogen that inhibits the immune system at the site marked Y is

Accepted Answer

A)  Measles virus 
B)  Epstein Barr virus 
C)  HIV 
D)  Meningitis-causing bacteria 
A)  Measles virus 
B)  Epstein Barr virus 
C)  HIV 
D)  Meningitis-causing bacteria

Question 13

Select the statement that correctly completes the following sentence. Toxoid-based vaccines work to protect us against microbial exotoxins that cause disease because _________________________________ (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  exotoxins can be rendered temporarily inactive with formalin. 
B)  changing the chemical structure of protein exotoxins to toxoids makes them safe for use as vaccines. 
C)  toxoids are immunogenic not pathogenic 
D)  individuals who receive a booster vaccination throughout their lifetimes can continue to have a high level of antibodies against the specific toxin. 
A)  exotoxins can be rendered temporarily inactive with formalin. 
B)  changing the chemical structure of protein exotoxins to toxoids makes them safe for use as vaccines. 
C)  toxoids are immunogenic not pathogenic 
D)  individuals who receive a booster vaccination throughout their lifetimes can continue to have a high level of antibodies against the specific toxin.

Question 14

Staphylococcus aureusi

Accepted Answer

A)  Heat-stable enterotoxin 
B)  Pneumolysin 
C)  Tetanospasmin 
D)  Cholera toxin 
A)  Heat-stable enterotoxin 
B)  Pneumolysin 
C)  Tetanospasmin 
D)  Cholera toxin

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes an endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a protein. 
B)  It may be excreted by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 
C)  It is often highly toxic and may be fatal 
D)  It is pyrogenic 
A)  It is a protein. 
B)  It may be excreted by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 
C)  It is often highly toxic and may be fatal 
D)  It is pyrogenic

Question 16

A pathogen that has the growth pattern shown in the photo when grown on blood agar is

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Enterococcus faecalis 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Enterococcus faecalis 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus

Question 17

Erysipelas caused by Streptococcus pyogenes remains in primary area

Accepted Answer

A)  Local Infection 
B)  Focal Infection 
C)  Systemic infection 
D)  Surface infection 
A)  Local Infection 
B)  Focal Infection 
C)  Systemic infection 
D)  Surface infection

Question 18

What specific host defenses make it difficult for a pathogen to avoid destruction once they have gained entry into the human body? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  circulating antibodies 
B)  presence of phagocytic cells that destroy pathogens 
C)  cytotoxic T cells that destroy invaded cells 
D)  the skin and mucous membranes 
A)  circulating antibodies 
B)  presence of phagocytic cells that destroy pathogens 
C)  cytotoxic T cells that destroy invaded cells 
D)  the skin and mucous membranes

Question 19

Streptococcus pneumoniae moves from lungs to the heart

Accepted Answer

A)  Local Infection 
B)  Focal Infection 
C)  Systemic infection 
D)  Surface infection 
A)  Local Infection 
B)  Focal Infection 
C)  Systemic infection 
D)  Surface infection

Question 20

Why are many aspects of pathogenesis the same no matter the identify of the microbe? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  because they share common entry and exit sites 
B)  because innate host defenses try to fight them off the same way 
C)  because adaptive host defenses follow the same pathways regardless of pathogen identity 
D)  because they all cause damage to the host in the same way 
A)  because they share common entry and exit sites 
B)  because innate host defenses try to fight them off the same way 
C)  because adaptive host defenses follow the same pathways regardless of pathogen identity 
D)  because they all cause damage to the host in the same way

Exam 16: Microbial Pathogenesis

Pathogenesis

Damages connective tissue by degrading collagen, a key fiber

Staphylococcus aureus is a major Gram-positive pathogen that produces many different enzymes and toxins capable of damaging host tissues. Examples of the diseases caused by S. aureus include which of the following (Select all that apply)

When pathogens remain with their host and cannot be transmitted

The term perinatal infections best describes

Streptococcus pyogenes is sometimes referred to as flesh-eating bacteria. The strains of Streptococcus pyogenes that cause necrotizing fasiitis (Select all that apply)

Which of these is an example of vertical transmission?

An example of a pathogen that avoids host defenses as shown is

Communicable pathogens

What are some of the risks associated with the spread of Gram-negative bacteria in the body? (Select all that apply)

Why is the Gram-negative spirochete Treponema pallidum able to evade immune system detection? (Select all that apply)

A pathogen that inhibits the immune system at the site marked Y is

Select the statement that correctly completes the following sentence. Toxoid-based vaccines work to protect us against microbial exotoxins that cause disease because _________________________________ (Select all that apply)

Staphylococcus aureusi

Which of the following statements best describes an endotoxin?

A pathogen that has the growth pattern shown in the photo when grown on blood agar is

Erysipelas caused by Streptococcus pyogenes remains in primary area

What specific host defenses make it difficult for a pathogen to avoid destruction once they have gained entry into the human body? (Select all that apply)

Streptococcus pneumoniae moves from lungs to the heart

Why are many aspects of pathogenesis the same no matter the identify of the microbe? (Select all that apply)

Microbial World

An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life

The Biochemistry of Macromolecules

Microscopy

Prokaryote Organisms

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Organisms

Viruses and Infectious Particles

Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Microbial Growth and Control

Antimicrobial Agents

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Vaccination, Immunoassays, and Immune Disorders

Epidemiology and Infection Control

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

Diseases of the Urogenital System

Diseases of the Nervous System

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Environmental and Industrial Microbiology

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