Question 1

Which of the following can be used as a cloning vector? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Virus 
B)  Plasmid 
C)  Artificial chromosome 
D)  Bacterium 
A)  Virus 
B)  Plasmid 
C)  Artificial chromosome 
D)  Bacterium A,B,C

Question 2

What description about mRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial mRNAs vary in size but usually have about 1000 nucleotides that code for proteins with 300 amino acids. 
B)  Bacterial mRNA is longer and more modified than that found in Eukaryotes. 
C)  Before leaving the nucleus, Prokaryote mRNA has to be capped, spliced and had poly (
A)  tails added. 
D)  Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic mRNA carry a sequence of anticodons that code for the sequence of amino acids found in proteins. 
A)  Bacterial mRNAs vary in size but usually have about 1000 nucleotides that code for proteins with 300 amino acids. 
B)  Bacterial mRNA is longer and more modified than that found in Eukaryotes. 
C)  Before leaving the nucleus, Prokaryote mRNA has to be capped, spliced and had poly (
A)  tails added. 
D)  Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic mRNA carry a sequence of anticodons that code for the sequence of amino acids found in proteins. A

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true about gene regulation in bacteria? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Repressor proteins control genes by binding to operator sequences. 
B)  Proteins the inhibit gene expression are called repressors. 
C)  Inducer proteins bind to regulatory sequences and enhance transcription. 
D)  Operons are used to coordinate the expression of structural genes that are needed for the same metabolic pathway. 
A)  Repressor proteins control genes by binding to operator sequences. 
B)  Proteins the inhibit gene expression are called repressors. 
C)  Inducer proteins bind to regulatory sequences and enhance transcription. 
D)  Operons are used to coordinate the expression of structural genes that are needed for the same metabolic pathway. A,B,C,D

Question 4

The illustration shows the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction 
B)  transformation 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition 
A)  transduction 
B)  transformation 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition

Question 5

The illustration shows the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction 
B)  transformation 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition 
A)  transduction 
B)  transformation 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true about STRs (Short Tandem Repeats)? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  15 different regions in the human genome show significant STR variation from one individual to another. 
B)  STRs are DNA sections in which 2-5 base-pair sequences are repeated in tandem units several to dozens of times. 
C)  A DNA profile is found by combining the probability of having specific combinations of STRs at different sites. 
D)  Each individual has dozens of different STRs at a specific site on a chromosome. 
A)  15 different regions in the human genome show significant STR variation from one individual to another. 
B)  STRs are DNA sections in which 2-5 base-pair sequences are repeated in tandem units several to dozens of times. 
C)  A DNA profile is found by combining the probability of having specific combinations of STRs at different sites. 
D)  Each individual has dozens of different STRs at a specific site on a chromosome.

Question 7

The key enzyme in the complex that directs building of mRNA transcript ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  DNA polymerase I 
C)  RNA primase 
D)  RNA ligase 
A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  DNA polymerase I 
C)  RNA primase 
D)  RNA ligase

Question 8

A sequence recognized by DNA replication machinery to facilitate replication within the host cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  Promoter sequence 
B)  Operator sequence 
C)  Origin sequence 
D)  Intron 
A)  Promoter sequence 
B)  Operator sequence 
C)  Origin sequence 
D)  Intron

Question 9

Many people have concerns about eating Genetically Modified (GM) foods. What precautions have been taken to help allay these concerns? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  By law most GM foods are labeled so that individuals with allergies will be aware of potential allergens. 
B)  The genes coding for specific proteins that are known to be highly allergenic are not used to produce GM foods. 
C)  Regulatory bodies like the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) evaluate the safety of GM foods before they can ever be made available to consumers. 
D)  Genetically modified organisms can only be constructed with a permit approved by the Department of Health and Human Services. 
A)  By law most GM foods are labeled so that individuals with allergies will be aware of potential allergens. 
B)  The genes coding for specific proteins that are known to be highly allergenic are not used to produce GM foods. 
C)  Regulatory bodies like the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) evaluate the safety of GM foods before they can ever be made available to consumers. 
D)  Genetically modified organisms can only be constructed with a permit approved by the Department of Health and Human Services.

Question 10

What is the function of the item marked z in the illustration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transport of lactose into the cell. 
B)  Hydrolysis of lactose to galactose and glucose. 
C)  Regulation of the regulatory gene. 
D)  Transcription of the structural genes. 
A)  Transport of lactose into the cell. 
B)  Hydrolysis of lactose to galactose and glucose. 
C)  Regulation of the regulatory gene. 
D)  Transcription of the structural genes.

Question 11

The blue colonies in the illustration below.

Accepted Answer

A)  Produce a functional beta-galactosidase protein that converts a clear lactose analog to a blue-colored product. 
B)  Produce an inactive beta-galactosidase protein that does not hydrolyze the blue lactose analog. 
C)  Naturally produce a blue pigment. 
D)  Produce lysozyme which breaks open the cells to release the inner blue pigment. 
A)  Produce a functional beta-galactosidase protein that converts a clear lactose analog to a blue-colored product. 
B)  Produce an inactive beta-galactosidase protein that does not hydrolyze the blue lactose analog. 
C)  Naturally produce a blue pigment. 
D)  Produce lysozyme which breaks open the cells to release the inner blue pigment.

Question 12

Horizontal gene transfer means that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  new genetic material is produced by sexual reproduction 
B)  bacteria can acquire genes from other bacteria 
C)  bacteria can transfer new genes via mitosis 
D)  bacteria can transfer new genes via meiosis 
A)  new genetic material is produced by sexual reproduction 
B)  bacteria can acquire genes from other bacteria 
C)  bacteria can transfer new genes via mitosis 
D)  bacteria can transfer new genes via meiosis

Question 13

The bacterial colonies marked z are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  colonies of spontaneous his+ revertants 
B)  colonies of mutagen-induced his+ revertants 
C)  his- colonies which grew on the small amount of histidine add to the plate 
D)  his+ colonies of E. coli 
A)  colonies of spontaneous his+ revertants 
B)  colonies of mutagen-induced his+ revertants 
C)  his- colonies which grew on the small amount of histidine add to the plate 
D)  his+ colonies of E. coli

Question 14

In the Ames test, which result will indicate that the substance being tested is a potential carcinogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Appearance of a few spontaneous His+ reversion mutants on the control and experimental plates. 
B)  Appearance of abundant His+ reversion mutants surrounding the filter disk on the experimental plate relative to the control plate. 
C)  Appearance of no spontaneous His+ reversion mutants on the control plate. 
D)  Appearance of abundant His+ reversion mutants surrounding the filter disk on the control plate relative to the experimental plate. 
A)  Appearance of a few spontaneous His+ reversion mutants on the control and experimental plates. 
B)  Appearance of abundant His+ reversion mutants surrounding the filter disk on the experimental plate relative to the control plate. 
C)  Appearance of no spontaneous His+ reversion mutants on the control plate. 
D)  Appearance of abundant His+ reversion mutants surrounding the filter disk on the control plate relative to the experimental plate.

Question 15

Conjugation is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  genes transferred from bacterium to bacterium via bacteriophage 
B)  movement and insertion of DNA segments to new positions within chromosome or plasmid 
C)  naked DNA from the environment is taken up by a bacterium 
D)  formation of a sex pilus allows transfer of a portion of chromosome or plasmid 
A)  genes transferred from bacterium to bacterium via bacteriophage 
B)  movement and insertion of DNA segments to new positions within chromosome or plasmid 
C)  naked DNA from the environment is taken up by a bacterium 
D)  formation of a sex pilus allows transfer of a portion of chromosome or plasmid

Question 16

Spontaneous mutations ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  are errors that are induced during DNA replication 
B)  are inevitable because DNA replication must balance accuracy and the speed of replication 
C)  occur at a rate of 10-9 to 10-9 errors per base pair synthesized 
D)  are usually corrected because of DNA proofreading 
A)  are errors that are induced during DNA replication 
B)  are inevitable because DNA replication must balance accuracy and the speed of replication 
C)  occur at a rate of 10-9 to 10-9 errors per base pair synthesized 
D)  are usually corrected because of DNA proofreading

Question 17

The DNA strand not used as template ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter 
B)  coding strand 
C)  template strand 
D)  terminator 
A)  promoter 
B)  coding strand 
C)  template strand 
D)  terminator

Question 18

Which statement is correct concerning the illustration below? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  The repressor protein is active. 
B)  The repressor protein binds with high affinity to the operator sequence. 
C)  Transcription of the structural genes is inhibited. 
D)  The inactive repressor protein binds to the promotor sequence and inhibits transcription of the structural genes. 
A)  The repressor protein is active. 
B)  The repressor protein binds with high affinity to the operator sequence. 
C)  Transcription of the structural genes is inhibited. 
D)  The inactive repressor protein binds to the promotor sequence and inhibits transcription of the structural genes.

Question 19

The A site on the ribosome ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidyl-tRNA is parked before it transfers its peptide to an aminoacyl-tRNA 
B)  a tRNA without an amino acid attached exits the ribosome 
C)  aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosome 
D)  mRNA attaches to the ribosome 
A)  peptidyl-tRNA is parked before it transfers its peptide to an aminoacyl-tRNA 
B)  a tRNA without an amino acid attached exits the ribosome 
C)  aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosome 
D)  mRNA attaches to the ribosome

Question 20

Which statements are true about the nucleotide excision repair process? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Endonuclease cuts the DNA backbone then removes a short sequence of nucleotides the contains the error. 
B)  DNA polymerase I incorporates nucleotides to fill a gap in the DNA sequence. 
C)  DNA ligase connects the repaired piece of DNA to the original strand. 
D)  Pyrimidine dimer is repaired by photolyase. 
A)  Endonuclease cuts the DNA backbone then removes a short sequence of nucleotides the contains the error. 
B)  DNA polymerase I incorporates nucleotides to fill a gap in the DNA sequence. 
C)  DNA ligase connects the repaired piece of DNA to the original strand. 
D)  Pyrimidine dimer is repaired by photolyase.

Exam 10: Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Which of the following can be used as a cloning vector? (Select all that apply)

What description about mRNA is correct?

Which of the following statements are true about gene regulation in bacteria? (Select all that apply)

The illustration shows the process of ________.

The illustration shows the process of ________.

Which of the following statements are true about STRs (Short Tandem Repeats)? (Select all that apply)

The key enzyme in the complex that directs building of mRNA transcript ________.

A sequence recognized by DNA replication machinery to facilitate replication within the host cell.

Many people have concerns about eating Genetically Modified (GM) foods. What precautions have been taken to help allay these concerns? (Select all that apply)

What is the function of the item marked z in the illustration?

The blue colonies in the illustration below.

Horizontal gene transfer means that ________.

The bacterial colonies marked z are ________.

In the Ames test, which result will indicate that the substance being tested is a potential carcinogen?

Conjugation is ________.

Spontaneous mutations ________. (Select all that apply)

The DNA strand not used as template ________.

Which statement is correct concerning the illustration below? (Select all that apply)

The A site on the ribosome ________.

Which statements are true about the nucleotide excision repair process? (Select all that apply)

Microbial World

An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life

The Biochemistry of Macromolecules

Microscopy

Prokaryote Organisms

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Organisms

Viruses and Infectious Particles

Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Control

Antimicrobial Agents

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Vaccination, Immunoassays, and Immune Disorders

Microbial Pathogenesis

Epidemiology and Infection Control

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

Diseases of the Urogenital System

Diseases of the Nervous System

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Environmental and Industrial Microbiology

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