Question 1

What is the difference between horizontal and vertical transmission of a pathogenic microbe? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  horizontal transmission is a transfer from a reservoir to human host 
B)  most infectious diseases are transmitted horizontally 
C)  vertical transmission is a transfer from mother to unborn child 
D)  pathogens that are transmitted vertically quickly spread through a population 
A)  horizontal transmission is a transfer from a reservoir to human host 
B)  most infectious diseases are transmitted horizontally 
C)  vertical transmission is a transfer from mother to unborn child 
D)  pathogens that are transmitted vertically quickly spread through a population

Question 2

A pathogen that inhibits leukocyte function as shown in the illustration is

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes

Question 3

The medical condition in the photo is

Accepted Answer

A)  Shock 
B)  Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
C)  Peripheral vein thrombosis 
D)  Adult coagulation syndrome 
A)  Shock 
B)  Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
C)  Peripheral vein thrombosis 
D)  Adult coagulation syndrome

Question 4

TSS

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurotoxin causing a paralytic disease 
B)  Activates T cells causing massive release of cytokines that may lead to shock and multiple organ 
C)  Reversal of osmotic gradient in the large intestine 
D)  Lyses red blood cells 
A)  Neurotoxin causing a paralytic disease 
B)  Activates T cells causing massive release of cytokines that may lead to shock and multiple organ 
C)  Reversal of osmotic gradient in the large intestine 
D)  Lyses red blood cells

Question 5

Infects T cells and suppresses immune system for several weeks including loss of Type IV hypersensitivity responses

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV 
B)  Measles virus 
C)  Epstein-Barr Virus 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae type b 
A)  HIV 
B)  Measles virus 
C)  Epstein-Barr Virus 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae type b

Question 6

An infectious disease shared by animals and humans

Accepted Answer

A)  Reservoir 
B)  Communicable pathogens 
C)  Noncommunicable pathogens 
D)  Zoonosis 
A)  Reservoir 
B)  Communicable pathogens 
C)  Noncommunicable pathogens 
D)  Zoonosis

Question 7

The illustration describes

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigenic drift 
B)  Antigenic shift 
C)  Programmed gene switching 
D)  Genetic recombination 
A)  Antigenic drift 
B)  Antigenic shift 
C)  Programmed gene switching 
D)  Genetic recombination

Question 8

The three basic modes of pathogen transmission from one host to another include

Accepted Answer

A)  contact transmission, vector-borne transmission, and common vehicle transmission 
B)  contact transmission, indirect transmission and common vehicle transmission 
C)  contact transmission, direct transmission and indirect transmission 
D)  contact transmission, vector-borne transmission and indirect transmission 
A)  contact transmission, vector-borne transmission, and common vehicle transmission 
B)  contact transmission, indirect transmission and common vehicle transmission 
C)  contact transmission, direct transmission and indirect transmission 
D)  contact transmission, vector-borne transmission and indirect transmission

Question 9

The LD50 for a Listeria infection shown is

Accepted Answer

A)  4.8 
B)  68,000 
C)  100,000 
D)  18,000 
A)  4.8 
B)  68,000 
C)  100,000 
D)  18,000

Question 10

infects B cells and starts conflict with activated T cells causing symptoms of mononucleosis

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV 
B)  Measles virus 
C)  Epstein-Barr Virus 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae type b 
A)  HIV 
B)  Measles virus 
C)  Epstein-Barr Virus 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae type b

Question 11

Hemolysin

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurotoxin causing a paralytic disease 
B)  Activates T cells causing massive release of cytokines that may lead to shock and multiple organ 
C)  Reversal of osmotic gradient in the large intestine 
D)  Lyses red blood cells 
A)  Neurotoxin causing a paralytic disease 
B)  Activates T cells causing massive release of cytokines that may lead to shock and multiple organ 
C)  Reversal of osmotic gradient in the large intestine 
D)  Lyses red blood cells

Question 12

Vibrio cholerae

Accepted Answer

A)  TSS toxin 
B)  Pneumolysin 
C)  Tetanospasmin 
D)  Cholera toxin 
A)  TSS toxin 
B)  Pneumolysin 
C)  Tetanospasmin 
D)  Cholera toxin

Question 13

Reversal of osmotic gradient in the large intestine

Accepted Answer

A)  TSS 
B)  Hemolysin 
C)  Botulinum toxin 
D)  Cholera toxin 
A)  TSS 
B)  Hemolysin 
C)  Botulinum toxin 
D)  Cholera toxin

Question 14

What part do exotoxins play in the disease process? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a key player in the pathogenesis of a specific microbe. 
B)  Highly virulent pathogens are able to cause diseases such as anthrax, botulism, tetanus and cholera because of the toxins they produce. 
C)  Because they are proteins, toxins are not readily destroyed by antibodies produced by the host's immune system. 
D)  Inactivated toxins are the basis of vaccinations called toxoids. 
A)  They are a key player in the pathogenesis of a specific microbe. 
B)  Highly virulent pathogens are able to cause diseases such as anthrax, botulism, tetanus and cholera because of the toxins they produce. 
C)  Because they are proteins, toxins are not readily destroyed by antibodies produced by the host's immune system. 
D)  Inactivated toxins are the basis of vaccinations called toxoids.

Question 15

Which of the following are characteristic of adhesins (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesin on microbe attaches to receptor on host cell 
B)  receptor on microbe attaches or adheres to adhesin on host cell 
C)  adhesins are usually made of a protein or glycoprotein 
D)  shape of adhesion is complementary to receptor on surface of host cell 
A)  adhesin on microbe attaches to receptor on host cell 
B)  receptor on microbe attaches or adheres to adhesin on host cell 
C)  adhesins are usually made of a protein or glycoprotein 
D)  shape of adhesion is complementary to receptor on surface of host cell

Question 16

Members of the protozoal genus Trypanosoma include species that have programmed gene switching. This means that genes that produce primary surface antigens are shuffled to produce new combinations. How will this affect the pathogen? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  previously produced host antibodies will not be able to recognize the antigens 
B)  host phagocytic cells will not be able to recognize and destroy the pathogen 
C)  some members of the species will always be able to survive the host's immune system 
D)  H and N mutations become so numerous that the resulting proteins cannot be recognized by previously produced antibodies 
A)  previously produced host antibodies will not be able to recognize the antigens 
B)  host phagocytic cells will not be able to recognize and destroy the pathogen 
C)  some members of the species will always be able to survive the host's immune system 
D)  H and N mutations become so numerous that the resulting proteins cannot be recognized by previously produced antibodies

Question 17

Portals of entry include

Accepted Answer

A)  skin, mucous membranes, parenteral route and environmental sources 
B)  skin, mucous membranes, and environmental sources 
C)  skin, mucous membranes and parenteral route 
D)  skin, parenteral route and environmental sources 
A)  skin, mucous membranes, parenteral route and environmental sources 
B)  skin, mucous membranes, and environmental sources 
C)  skin, mucous membranes and parenteral route 
D)  skin, parenteral route and environmental sources

Question 18

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Accepted Answer

A)  TSS toxin 
B)  Pneumolysin 
C)  Tetanospasmin 
D)  Cholera toxin 
A)  TSS toxin 
B)  Pneumolysin 
C)  Tetanospasmin 
D)  Cholera toxin

Question 19

In the case study of the Cholera Epidemic in Goma, Zaire in 1994, several risk factors for this severe diarrheal disease were pointed out. Which of the following would be considered risk factors for any outbreak of cholera? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of clean drinking water 
B)  fecal pollution of drinking water 
C)  overcrowded refugee camps 
D)  no latrines available 
A)  lack of clean drinking water 
B)  fecal pollution of drinking water 
C)  overcrowded refugee camps 
D)  no latrines available

Question 20

The type of transmission that requires physical contact with the microbe

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct contact 
B)  Indirect contact 
C)  Droplet transmission 
D)  Common vehicle transmission 
A)  Direct contact 
B)  Indirect contact 
C)  Droplet transmission 
D)  Common vehicle transmission

Exam 16: Microbial Pathogenesis

What is the difference between horizontal and vertical transmission of a pathogenic microbe? (Select all that apply)

A pathogen that inhibits leukocyte function as shown in the illustration is

The medical condition in the photo is

TSS

Infects T cells and suppresses immune system for several weeks including loss of Type IV hypersensitivity responses

An infectious disease shared by animals and humans

The illustration describes

The three basic modes of pathogen transmission from one host to another include

The LD50 for a Listeria infection shown is

infects B cells and starts conflict with activated T cells causing symptoms of mononucleosis

Hemolysin

Vibrio cholerae

Reversal of osmotic gradient in the large intestine

What part do exotoxins play in the disease process? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following are characteristic of adhesins (Select all that apply)

Members of the protozoal genus Trypanosoma include species that have programmed gene switching. This means that genes that produce primary surface antigens are shuffled to produce new combinations. How will this affect the pathogen? (Select all that apply)

Portals of entry include

Streptococcus pneumoniae

In the case study of the Cholera Epidemic in Goma, Zaire in 1994, several risk factors for this severe diarrheal disease were pointed out. Which of the following would be considered risk factors for any outbreak of cholera? (Select all that apply)

The type of transmission that requires physical contact with the microbe

Microbial World

An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life

The Biochemistry of Macromolecules

Microscopy

Prokaryote Organisms

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Organisms

Viruses and Infectious Particles

Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Microbial Growth and Control

Antimicrobial Agents

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Vaccination, Immunoassays, and Immune Disorders

Epidemiology and Infection Control

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

Diseases of the Urogenital System

Diseases of the Nervous System

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Environmental and Industrial Microbiology

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The LD₅₀ for a Listeria infection shown is