Question 1

Microorganisms that obtain their energy from light and obtain the carbon they need to build macromolecules from organic molecules are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  photoheterotrophs 
B)  photoautotrophs 
C)  chemoheterotrophs 
D)  chemoautotrophs 
A)  photoheterotrophs 
B)  photoautotrophs 
C)  chemoheterotrophs 
D)  chemoautotrophs A

Question 2

If the volume of growth medium trapped under the double-lined box shown in the magnification of the Petroff-Hausser chamber is 5 × 10-5mls, the density of cells in the culture is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 2 × 105 
B)  approximately 2 × 106 
C)  approximately 2 × 1010 
D)  approximately 2 × 1025 
A)  approximately 2 × 105 
B)  approximately 2 × 106 
C)  approximately 2 × 1010 
D)  approximately 2 × 1025 A

Question 3

Region 2 of the growth curve of bacteria shown in the illustration below depicts the ________ of growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  log phase 
B)  stationary phase 
C)  lag phase 
D)  death phase 
A)  log phase 
B)  stationary phase 
C)  lag phase 
D)  death phase A

Question 4

Blood agar differentiates ________ like Streptococcus pyogenes from most other bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha-hemolytic colonies 
B)  beta-hemolytic colonies 
C)  gamma-hemolytic colonies 
D)  delta-hemolytic colonies 
A)  alpha-hemolytic colonies 
B)  beta-hemolytic colonies 
C)  gamma-hemolytic colonies 
D)  delta-hemolytic colonies

Question 5

A facultative anaerobe ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  may use either fermentation or aerobic respiration 
B)  can only grow in anaerobic conditions 
C)  must have oxygen for aerobic respiration 
D)  uses fermentation but is not harmed by presence of oxygen 
A)  may use either fermentation or aerobic respiration 
B)  can only grow in anaerobic conditions 
C)  must have oxygen for aerobic respiration 
D)  uses fermentation but is not harmed by presence of oxygen

Question 6

The correct order of cycling steps in PCR is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  heat to 72ᵒC, cool to 55ᵒC, heat to 95ᵒC 
B)  heat to 95ᵒC, cool to 55ᵒC, heat to 72ᵒC 
C)  heat to 85ᵒC, cool to 50ᵒC, heat to 62ᵒC 
D)  heat to 62ᵒC, cool to 50ᵒC, heat to 85ᵒC 
A)  heat to 72ᵒC, cool to 55ᵒC, heat to 95ᵒC 
B)  heat to 95ᵒC, cool to 55ᵒC, heat to 72ᵒC 
C)  heat to 85ᵒC, cool to 50ᵒC, heat to 62ᵒC 
D)  heat to 62ᵒC, cool to 50ᵒC, heat to 85ᵒC

Question 7

An example of a bacterial species that shows the growth pattern seen below is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  E. coli 
D)  Salmonella 
A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  E. coli 
D)  Salmonella

Question 8

Bacterial cell division requires ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  replication of the chromosome 
B)  partitioning of the daughter chromosomes 
C)  the division of the two cells 
D)  formation of a spindle apparatus 
A)  replication of the chromosome 
B)  partitioning of the daughter chromosomes 
C)  the division of the two cells 
D)  formation of a spindle apparatus

Question 9

Deep infections are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  placed in refrigerated sterile containers with secure lids 
B)  collected using needle aspirates 
C)  placed in sample bottles that are cultured aerobically and anaerobically 
D)  collected with culturettes 
A)  placed in refrigerated sterile containers with secure lids 
B)  collected using needle aspirates 
C)  placed in sample bottles that are cultured aerobically and anaerobically 
D)  collected with culturettes

Question 10

Ultraviolet radiation ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  is electromagnetic radiation that has wavelengths between 200-400nm 
B)  forms thymine dimers in DNA in tissues deep under the skin 
C)  penetrates through solid material so it can be used to kill bacteria in food products 
D)  is able to damage DNA so that DNA replication is inhibited 
A)  is electromagnetic radiation that has wavelengths between 200-400nm 
B)  forms thymine dimers in DNA in tissues deep under the skin 
C)  penetrates through solid material so it can be used to kill bacteria in food products 
D)  is able to damage DNA so that DNA replication is inhibited

Question 11

When we look at the ion and micronutrients required for microbial growth, which of these statements is true? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorus is required for production of ATP and nucleic acids. 
B)  Sulfur is required for several amino acids found in proteins. 
C)  Potassium, sodium and chloride help maintain osmotic conditions inside the cell when external changes take place in the environment. 
D)  Nitrogen is required for the synthesis of fatty acids. 
A)  Phosphorus is required for production of ATP and nucleic acids. 
B)  Sulfur is required for several amino acids found in proteins. 
C)  Potassium, sodium and chloride help maintain osmotic conditions inside the cell when external changes take place in the environment. 
D)  Nitrogen is required for the synthesis of fatty acids.

Question 12

PCR is a highly accurate and relatively rapid way of identifying a variety of different pathogens because ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  it is highly sensitive to very low concentrations of a pathogen's DNA 
B)  it is very specific and can detect even small amounts of a pathogen in a specimen 
C)  it can detect RNA viruses via the production of cDNA gene using reverse transcriptase 
D)  it can detect microbial specific proteins using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to colorometric substrates 
A)  it is highly sensitive to very low concentrations of a pathogen's DNA 
B)  it is very specific and can detect even small amounts of a pathogen in a specimen 
C)  it can detect RNA viruses via the production of cDNA gene using reverse transcriptase 
D)  it can detect microbial specific proteins using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to colorometric substrates

Question 13

The point marked "y" on the plot of the growth rate of a culture of E. coli grown in Luria broth in a shaking water bath at various temperatures indicates ________ over the temperature range shown. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  the maximum growth rate 
B)  the maximum temperature of growth 
C)  the optimum temperature of growth 
D)  the minimum temperature of growth 
A)  the maximum growth rate 
B)  the maximum temperature of growth 
C)  the optimum temperature of growth 
D)  the minimum temperature of growth

Question 14

The viable cell count (cells/ml) from the spread plate method shown below is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  2.1 × 103 
B)  2.1 × 104 
C)  2.1 × 105 
D)  2.1 × 106 
A)  2.1 × 103 
B)  2.1 × 104 
C)  2.1 × 105 
D)  2.1 × 106

Question 15

How does the exponential growth of bacterial cells affect their genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The greater the number of cells, the greater the expected number of spontaneous mutations. 
B)  It does not affect genetic diversity because binary fission is an asexual means of reproduction. 
C)  Spontaneous mutations are repaired by enzymatic repair mechanisms and therefore do not last long enough to cause a mutation. 
D)  Most spontaneous mutations are lethal therefore the mutated cells would die out and not reproduce. 
A)  The greater the number of cells, the greater the expected number of spontaneous mutations. 
B)  It does not affect genetic diversity because binary fission is an asexual means of reproduction. 
C)  Spontaneous mutations are repaired by enzymatic repair mechanisms and therefore do not last long enough to cause a mutation. 
D)  Most spontaneous mutations are lethal therefore the mutated cells would die out and not reproduce.

Question 16

Region 1 of the growth curve of bacteria shown in the illustration below depicts the ________ of growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  log phase 
B)  stationary phase 
C)  lag phase 
D)  death phase 
A)  log phase 
B)  stationary phase 
C)  lag phase 
D)  death phase

Question 17

The viable cell count (cells/ml) from the pour plate method shown below is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  2.5 × 103 
B)  2.5 × 104 
C)  2.5 × 105 
D)  2.5 × 106 
A)  2.5 × 103 
B)  2.5 × 104 
C)  2.5 × 105 
D)  2.5 × 106

Question 18

In a hypotonic environment, which way will water flow via osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Into the cell 
B)  Out of the cell 
C)  Neither since movement of water particles in and out of the cell will be equal 
D)  Neither because there will be no movement of water into or out of the cell 
A)  Into the cell 
B)  Out of the cell 
C)  Neither since movement of water particles in and out of the cell will be equal 
D)  Neither because there will be no movement of water into or out of the cell

Question 19

Although classified as a micronutrient, the iron ion Fe3+ is a key metallic ion in the Electron Transport Chain of aerobic respiration. Which of the following statements concerning Fe3+ is true? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  The low solubility of Fe3+ makes it difficult to obtain. 
B)  Siderophores are molecules that acquire iron from other chemical complexes. 
C)  Pathogenic bacteria obtain Fe3+ from host cells using siderophores. 
D)  Host cells themselves produce iron-binding proteins that have a lower affinity for Fe3+ than do the bacterial siderophores, thus preventing bacterial acquisition. 
A)  The low solubility of Fe3+ makes it difficult to obtain. 
B)  Siderophores are molecules that acquire iron from other chemical complexes. 
C)  Pathogenic bacteria obtain Fe3+ from host cells using siderophores. 
D)  Host cells themselves produce iron-binding proteins that have a lower affinity for Fe3+ than do the bacterial siderophores, thus preventing bacterial acquisition.

Question 20

The illustration below depicts the growth of bacteria in nutrient agar tubes after stabbing an inoculum of bacteria through the center of the medium to the bottom of the tube. Tube "W" represents the growth of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  obligate aerobes 
B)  facultative anaerobes 
C)  aerotolerant anaerobes 
D)  microaerophiles 
A)  obligate aerobes 
B)  facultative anaerobes 
C)  aerotolerant anaerobes 
D)  microaerophiles

Exam 11: Microbial Growth and Control

Microorganisms that obtain their energy from light and obtain the carbon they need to build macromolecules from organic molecules are ________.

If the volume of growth medium trapped under the double-lined box shown in the magnification of the Petroff-Hausser chamber is 5 × 10-5mls, the density of cells in the culture is ________.

Region 2 of the growth curve of bacteria shown in the illustration below depicts the ________ of growth.

Blood agar differentiates ________ like Streptococcus pyogenes from most other bacteria.

A facultative anaerobe ________.

The correct order of cycling steps in PCR is ________.

An example of a bacterial species that shows the growth pattern seen below is ________.

Bacterial cell division requires ________. (Select all that apply)

Deep infections are ________.

Ultraviolet radiation ________. (Select all that apply)

When we look at the ion and micronutrients required for microbial growth, which of these statements is true? (Select all that apply)

PCR is a highly accurate and relatively rapid way of identifying a variety of different pathogens because ________. (Select all that apply)

The point marked "y" on the plot of the growth rate of a culture of E. coli grown in Luria broth in a shaking water bath at various temperatures indicates ________ over the temperature range shown. (Select all that apply)

The viable cell count (cells/ml) from the spread plate method shown below is ________.

How does the exponential growth of bacterial cells affect their genetic diversity?

Region 1 of the growth curve of bacteria shown in the illustration below depicts the ________ of growth.

The viable cell count (cells/ml) from the pour plate method shown below is ________.

In a hypotonic environment, which way will water flow via osmosis?

Although classified as a micronutrient, the iron ion Fe3+ is a key metallic ion in the Electron Transport Chain of aerobic respiration. Which of the following statements concerning Fe3+ is true? (Select all that apply)

The illustration below depicts the growth of bacteria in nutrient agar tubes after stabbing an inoculum of bacteria through the center of the medium to the bottom of the tube. Tube "W" represents the growth of ________.

Microbial World

An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life

The Biochemistry of Macromolecules

Microscopy

Prokaryote Organisms

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Organisms

Viruses and Infectious Particles

Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Antimicrobial Agents

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Vaccination, Immunoassays, and Immune Disorders

Microbial Pathogenesis

Epidemiology and Infection Control

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

Diseases of the Urogenital System

Diseases of the Nervous System

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Environmental and Industrial Microbiology

Filters

If the volume of growth medium trapped under the double-lined box shown in the magnification of the Petroff-Hausser chamber is 5 × 10^-5mls, the density of cells in the culture is ________.

Although classified as a micronutrient, the iron ion Fe³⁺ is a key metallic ion in the Electron Transport Chain of aerobic respiration. Which of the following statements concerning Fe³⁺ is true? (Select all that apply)