Question 1

Which of the following statements about the completion of T-cell activation is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  IL-2 signaling is the ultimate trigger for clonal expansion 
B)  The number of T cells that target a specific epitope rises to about 1 of every 3 lymphocytes 
C)  It takes approximately one month to produce the target-specific T cell army 
D)  TH1, TH2 and TC cell initiate their effector activities 
A)  IL-2 signaling is the ultimate trigger for clonal expansion 
B)  The number of T cells that target a specific epitope rises to about 1 of every 3 lymphocytes 
C)  It takes approximately one month to produce the target-specific T cell army 
D)  TH1, TH2 and TC cell initiate their effector activities C

Question 2

_______is the antibody class produced as a dimer

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE B

Question 3

The function of Class II MHC molecules is to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  promote opsonization 
B)  initiate the alternative complement cascade 
C)  enhance cytokine secretion by memory cells 
D)  facilitate antigen fragment binding to T cell receptors, initiating an adaptive response 
A)  promote opsonization 
B)  initiate the alternative complement cascade 
C)  enhance cytokine secretion by memory cells 
D)  facilitate antigen fragment binding to T cell receptors, initiating an adaptive response D

Question 4

Hallmark features of adaptive immunity include ____________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  consistent effector action 
B)  pathogen specificity 
C)  autoimmune initiation 
D)  enhanced or memory response with subsequent pathogen exposures 
A)  consistent effector action 
B)  pathogen specificity 
C)  autoimmune initiation 
D)  enhanced or memory response with subsequent pathogen exposures

Question 5

Place the events of clonal selection and expansion in the correct order.
1) Differentiation of cells into a formidable army of effector cells.
2) The binding of an antigen to a preprogrammed receptor selects the lymphocyte that undergoes rapid cell division.
3) Cytokine secretion leads to activation of pathogen-eliminating mechanisms.
4) Memory cells disseminate throughout the body and wait to eliminate future invading pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  4, 3, 2, 1 
C)  2, 1, 4, 3 
D)  2, 4, 3, 1 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  4, 3, 2, 1 
C)  2, 1, 4, 3 
D)  2, 4, 3, 1

Question 6

Factors influencing antigen immunogenicity include all of the following except ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular complexity because complex molecules possess multiple epitopes for binding lymphocyte receptors. 
B)  molecular size since haptens are too small to bind lymphocyte receptors and initiate a response. 
C)  molecular complexity because highly repetitive macromolecules can be easily degraded into monomers too small to illicit a lymphocyte response. 
D)  molecular complexity because simple molecules such as glycoproteins are easily degraded to haptens 
A)  molecular complexity because complex molecules possess multiple epitopes for binding lymphocyte receptors. 
B)  molecular size since haptens are too small to bind lymphocyte receptors and initiate a response. 
C)  molecular complexity because highly repetitive macromolecules can be easily degraded into monomers too small to illicit a lymphocyte response. 
D)  molecular complexity because simple molecules such as glycoproteins are easily degraded to haptens

Question 7

Which of the following statement regarding the Mantoux Test used to detect patient exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The test utilizes a small amount of protein derived from the pathogen that is subcutaneously injected in the forearm. 
B)  Patients with prior M. tuberculosis exposure experience an instantaneous reaction at the injection site 
C)  The delayed formation of an induration 5 mm in diameter or greater is interpreted as a positive response 
D)  A positive reaction represents the patient's memory TH cells launching a strong attack against the M. tuberculosis epitopes. 
A)  The test utilizes a small amount of protein derived from the pathogen that is subcutaneously injected in the forearm. 
B)  Patients with prior M. tuberculosis exposure experience an instantaneous reaction at the injection site 
C)  The delayed formation of an induration 5 mm in diameter or greater is interpreted as a positive response 
D)  A positive reaction represents the patient's memory TH cells launching a strong attack against the M. tuberculosis epitopes.

Question 8

The specific portion of a macromolecular antigen that binds a lymphocyte receptor and triggers an adaptive immune response is a(n) _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hapten 
B)  immunogen 
C)  epitope 
D)  carrier 
A)  hapten 
B)  immunogen 
C)  epitope 
D)  carrier

Question 9

Natural killer T cells __________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  share several common surface glycoproteins with NK cells 
B)  activate TH2 cells 
C)  mediate immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogens with mycolic acid cell walls 
D)  are the largest subset of T cells 
A)  share several common surface glycoproteins with NK cells 
B)  activate TH2 cells 
C)  mediate immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogens with mycolic acid cell walls 
D)  are the largest subset of T cells

Question 10

T cells not differentiating into effectors following clonal expansion _________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  disperse to form a system-wide army of epitope-specific cells 
B)  are responsible for providing immunity upon subsequent pathogen infection 
C)  become memory cells 
D)  develop enhanced phagocytic activity 
A)  disperse to form a system-wide army of epitope-specific cells 
B)  are responsible for providing immunity upon subsequent pathogen infection 
C)  become memory cells 
D)  develop enhanced phagocytic activity

Question 11

In the Coagulase Agglutination assay, __________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of Staphylococcus aureus is confirmed with a positive test 
B)  a positive reaction is represented by the coagulation of colored latex microbeads 
C)  the Fc region of anti-coagulase antibodies are conjugated to colored latex microbeads 
D)  bacteria are coated in agglutinin which leads to coagulase binding 
A)  the presence of Staphylococcus aureus is confirmed with a positive test 
B)  a positive reaction is represented by the coagulation of colored latex microbeads 
C)  the Fc region of anti-coagulase antibodies are conjugated to colored latex microbeads 
D)  bacteria are coated in agglutinin which leads to coagulase binding

Question 12

The benefit of memory cells is their ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid response with subsequent pathogen invasions 
B)  ability to provide immunity 
C)  continuous cytokine secretion to stimulate inflammation 
D)  on-going production of antibodies 
A)  rapid response with subsequent pathogen invasions 
B)  ability to provide immunity 
C)  continuous cytokine secretion to stimulate inflammation 
D)  on-going production of antibodies

Question 13

All of the following are antibody-mediated reactions except ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct neutralization of pathogens and their toxins 
B)  T cell activation 
C)  activate the classical complement pathway 
D)  promote opsonization 
A)  direct neutralization of pathogens and their toxins 
B)  T cell activation 
C)  activate the classical complement pathway 
D)  promote opsonization

Question 14

In humans, T-independent antigens ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are carbohydrate that generate weak and infrequent B-cell responses 
B)  never fail to produce memory cells 
C)  have many repetitive carbohydrate epitopes 
D)  are complex lipids 
A)  are carbohydrate that generate weak and infrequent B-cell responses 
B)  never fail to produce memory cells 
C)  have many repetitive carbohydrate epitopes 
D)  are complex lipids

Question 15

Correctly identify the indicated regions of this antibody molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  1=light chain; 2=Fab; 3= variable region; 4=Fc 
B)  1=variable region; 2=Fab; 3=Fc; 4=carboxy termini 
C)  1=light chain; 2=hinge region; 3=Fab; 4=Amine termini 
D)  1=light chain; 2=hinge region; 3=Fc; 4=constant region 
A)  1=light chain; 2=Fab; 3= variable region; 4=Fc 
B)  1=variable region; 2=Fab; 3=Fc; 4=carboxy termini 
C)  1=light chain; 2=hinge region; 3=Fab; 4=Amine termini 
D)  1=light chain; 2=hinge region; 3=Fc; 4=constant region

Question 16

The Major Histocompatibility Complex is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  surface protein that functions as a self-marker 
B)  series of proteins on the surface of a T cell that bind antigen and trigger an intracellular signal 
C)  series of complement proteins that form the membrane attack complex 
D)  set of tightly-linked genes that express surface proteins essential for T cell activation 
A)  surface protein that functions as a self-marker 
B)  series of proteins on the surface of a T cell that bind antigen and trigger an intracellular signal 
C)  series of complement proteins that form the membrane attack complex 
D)  set of tightly-linked genes that express surface proteins essential for T cell activation

Question 17

The B cell receptor __________________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  uses either a surface IgM or IgD antibody to permit specific pathogen binding 
B)  uses the long cytosolic tails of the surface IgM to transmit an intracellular signal 
C)  uses concurrent pathogen binding to CR2, a component of the coreceptor complex, for signal transduction 
D)  binds a neoantigen in the process of associative recognition 
A)  uses either a surface IgM or IgD antibody to permit specific pathogen binding 
B)  uses the long cytosolic tails of the surface IgM to transmit an intracellular signal 
C)  uses concurrent pathogen binding to CR2, a component of the coreceptor complex, for signal transduction 
D)  binds a neoantigen in the process of associative recognition

Question 18

_______is the antibody class found in tears, colostrum, saliva and mucus.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE

Question 19

A Class I MHC molecule is found on the surface of ________. (Select al that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells 
B)  skin cells 
C)  liver cells 
D)  kidney cells 
A)  red blood cells 
B)  skin cells 
C)  liver cells 
D)  kidney cells

Question 20

Which of the following statements about conjugate vaccines is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are made by covalently binding large carrier sugar fragments to small proteins. 
B)  This is the process used to produce an effective vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Making a conjugate antigen is necessary to increase immunogenicity. 
D)  This process allows non-immunogenic molecules like carbohydrates to generate effective vaccines. 
A)  They are made by covalently binding large carrier sugar fragments to small proteins. 
B)  This is the process used to produce an effective vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Making a conjugate antigen is necessary to increase immunogenicity. 
D)  This process allows non-immunogenic molecules like carbohydrates to generate effective vaccines.

Exam 14: Adaptive Immunity

Which of the following statements about the completion of T-cell activation is false?

_______is the antibody class produced as a dimer

The function of Class II MHC molecules is to ____________________.

Hallmark features of adaptive immunity include ____________. (Select all that apply)

Factors influencing antigen immunogenicity include all of the following except ___________.

Which of the following statement regarding the Mantoux Test used to detect patient exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is false?

The specific portion of a macromolecular antigen that binds a lymphocyte receptor and triggers an adaptive immune response is a(n) _____________.

Natural killer T cells __________. (Select all that apply)

T cells not differentiating into effectors following clonal expansion _________. (Select all that apply)

In the Coagulase Agglutination assay, __________. (Select all that apply)

The benefit of memory cells is their ________. (Select all that apply)

All of the following are antibody-mediated reactions except ______________.

In humans, T-independent antigens ______________________.

Correctly identify the indicated regions of this antibody molecule.

The Major Histocompatibility Complex is a ________.

The B cell receptor __________________. (Select all that apply)

_______is the antibody class found in tears, colostrum, saliva and mucus.

A Class I MHC molecule is found on the surface of ________. (Select al that apply)

Which of the following statements about conjugate vaccines is false?

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