Question 1

________ is the process in which ATP is synthesized via chemiosmosis without producing NADPH in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyclic photophosphorylation 
B)  Noncyclic phosphorylation 
C)  Noncyclic photophosphorylation 
D)  Cyclic oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  Cyclic photophosphorylation 
B)  Noncyclic phosphorylation 
C)  Noncyclic photophosphorylation 
D)  Cyclic oxidative phosphorylation

Question 2

The principal function of carotenoids are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  as antioxidants to protect chlorophyll from oxidation by superoxide anions 
B)  to absorb photons of light and initiate the light reactions of photosynthesis 
C)  to absorb photons of light and pass the harvested energy to chlorophyll molecules 
D)  to fix CO2 
A)  as antioxidants to protect chlorophyll from oxidation by superoxide anions 
B)  to absorb photons of light and initiate the light reactions of photosynthesis 
C)  to absorb photons of light and pass the harvested energy to chlorophyll molecules 
D)  to fix CO2

Question 3

ATP ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells 
B)  as low energy bonds between the phosphate groups 
C)  is the primary molecule used to do cellular work 
D)  is a nucleotide 
A)  is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells 
B)  as low energy bonds between the phosphate groups 
C)  is the primary molecule used to do cellular work 
D)  is a nucleotide

Question 4

What are the major differences between photosystem I and photosystem II? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  P700 is the reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem I while P680 is the reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem II. 
B)  Photosystem I occurs first. 
C)  Photosystem II occurs first. 
D)  Photosystem II produces atmospheric oxygen. 
A)  P700 is the reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem I while P680 is the reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem II. 
B)  Photosystem I occurs first. 
C)  Photosystem II occurs first. 
D)  Photosystem II produces atmospheric oxygen.

Question 5

Gluconeogenesis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the production of glucose from pyruvate in some nonphotosynthetic microbes 
B)  the storing of excess glucose as glycogen 
C)  the storing of surplus glucose as starch 
D)  the conversion of glucose into fructose-6-phosphate, a precursor of N-acetylmuramic acid 
A)  the production of glucose from pyruvate in some nonphotosynthetic microbes 
B)  the storing of excess glucose as glycogen 
C)  the storing of surplus glucose as starch 
D)  the conversion of glucose into fructose-6-phosphate, a precursor of N-acetylmuramic acid

Question 6

Under standard biological conditions, how much energy is released when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups in ATP is broken?

Accepted Answer

A)  5.3 kcal/mol 
B)  7.3 kcal/mol 
C)  10.3 kcal/mol 
D)  14.3 kcal/mol 
A)  5.3 kcal/mol 
B)  7.3 kcal/mol 
C)  10.3 kcal/mol 
D)  14.3 kcal/mol

Question 7

What type of phosphorylation occurs in the Citric Acid Cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Substrate level phosphorylation 
B)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  Photo phosphorylation 
D)  Heterotrophic phosphorylation 
A)  Substrate level phosphorylation 
B)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  Photo phosphorylation 
D)  Heterotrophic phosphorylation

Question 8

Fermentation is an ancient process utilized by Egyptians and other civilizations to provide safer beverages to drink. On the molecular level, why would fermentation make fluids safer to drink?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of ethanol in the beverages would kill of many pathogens that might be present. 
B)  The lactic acid in the beverages would make the drinks too acidic for most bacterial cells. 
C)  The Acetaldehyde would kill many of the pathogens present. 
D)  The recycling of NAD+ would increase electron and H+ ion concentrations, thus making the beverages acidic enough to inhibit bacterial growth. 
A)  The presence of ethanol in the beverages would kill of many pathogens that might be present. 
B)  The lactic acid in the beverages would make the drinks too acidic for most bacterial cells. 
C)  The Acetaldehyde would kill many of the pathogens present. 
D)  The recycling of NAD+ would increase electron and H+ ion concentrations, thus making the beverages acidic enough to inhibit bacterial growth.

Question 9

ATP belongs to which of the 4 groups of organic molecules critical to life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates because of the sugar. 
B)  Proteins because of the 3 dimensional structure. 
C)  Lipids because of the hydrogen bonds. 
D)  Nucleic acids because of the nitrogenous base. 
A)  Carbohydrates because of the sugar. 
B)  Proteins because of the 3 dimensional structure. 
C)  Lipids because of the hydrogen bonds. 
D)  Nucleic acids because of the nitrogenous base.

Question 10

The NAD+ utilized in glycolysis and other processes actually comes from the water-soluble B vitamin known as niacin. NAD+ is an organic electron carrier that becomes activated when it is reduced to NADH. On the cellular level what do you think would happen to a person who is malnourished and lacks adequate B vitamins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will not have enough NAD+ to serve as energy carriers and subsequently will not be able to produce enough ATP to fuel cellular functions. 
B)  They will suffer from fatigue and recuperation will be faster than expected. 
C)  Subsequent to their malnutrition they will not have enough NAD+ to carry the electrons released and the cells will become too acidic and die. 
D)  They will build up too much glucose in the bloodstream and will develop Diabetes Type I. 
A)  They will not have enough NAD+ to serve as energy carriers and subsequently will not be able to produce enough ATP to fuel cellular functions. 
B)  They will suffer from fatigue and recuperation will be faster than expected. 
C)  Subsequent to their malnutrition they will not have enough NAD+ to carry the electrons released and the cells will become too acidic and die. 
D)  They will build up too much glucose in the bloodstream and will develop Diabetes Type I.

Question 11

In ________, the high-energy third phosphate group is transferred by an enzyme to ADP creating ATP.

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate-level phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  photophosphorylation 
D)  simple phosphorylation 
A)  substrate-level phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  photophosphorylation 
D)  simple phosphorylation

Question 12

The ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce CO2 to glucose 
B)  regenerate RuBP 
C)  power reactions in production of PGAL 
D)  drive photophosphorylation 
A)  reduce CO2 to glucose 
B)  regenerate RuBP 
C)  power reactions in production of PGAL 
D)  drive photophosphorylation

Question 13

Looking around your home, which of the following is not an example of potential energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Making popcorn in the microwave 
B)  Potato chips in a bag 
C)  Gasoline in your car 
D)  Candy in a jar 
A)  Making popcorn in the microwave 
B)  Potato chips in a bag 
C)  Gasoline in your car 
D)  Candy in a jar

Question 14

What serves as final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 
B)  H2O 
C)  O2 
D)  NAD+ 
A)  CO2 
B)  H2O 
C)  O2 
D)  NAD+

Question 15

The replacement electrons for Photosystem II's P680 reaction center come from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  photosystem I 
B)  splitting of water 
C)  atmospheric oxygen 
D)  NADPH 
A)  photosystem I 
B)  splitting of water 
C)  atmospheric oxygen 
D)  NADPH

Question 16

The production of proteins from amino acids is a ________ reaction. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  endergonic 
B)  exergonic 
C)  catabolic 
D)  anabolic 
A)  endergonic 
B)  exergonic 
C)  catabolic 
D)  anabolic

Question 17

Catabolism is a set of ________ reactions that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  endergonic; results in the breakdown of a large macromolecule into smaller subunits 
B)  endergonic; results in the synthesis of a large macromolecule from smaller subunits 
C)  exergonic; results in the breakdown of a large macromolecule into smaller subunits 
D)  exergonic; results in the synthesis of a large macromolecule from smaller subunits 
A)  endergonic; results in the breakdown of a large macromolecule into smaller subunits 
B)  endergonic; results in the synthesis of a large macromolecule from smaller subunits 
C)  exergonic; results in the breakdown of a large macromolecule into smaller subunits 
D)  exergonic; results in the synthesis of a large macromolecule from smaller subunits

Question 18

What three things are required for production of ATP in the electron transport system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Embedded membrane proteins, H+ ion concentration gradient and chemiosmosis. 
B)  ATP synthase enzyme, activated carriers, and H+ ion concentration gradient. 
C)  Embedded membrane proteins, chemiosmosis and O2. 
D)  ATP synthase, H+ ion concentration gradient and chemiosmosis. 
A)  Embedded membrane proteins, H+ ion concentration gradient and chemiosmosis. 
B)  ATP synthase enzyme, activated carriers, and H+ ion concentration gradient. 
C)  Embedded membrane proteins, chemiosmosis and O2. 
D)  ATP synthase, H+ ion concentration gradient and chemiosmosis.

Question 19

Why does glycolysis have to be followed by either fermentation or respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because acetyl-CoA isn't completely formed until the citric acid cycle. 
B)  Because NAD+ needs to be recycled from NADH so that the glycolytic pathway can continue. 
C)  So that fermentation will be able to produce more ATP using the electrons from NADH. 
D)  So that the cell can use FADH2 in the next step of aerobic respiration. 
A)  Because acetyl-CoA isn't completely formed until the citric acid cycle. 
B)  Because NAD+ needs to be recycled from NADH so that the glycolytic pathway can continue. 
C)  So that fermentation will be able to produce more ATP using the electrons from NADH. 
D)  So that the cell can use FADH2 in the next step of aerobic respiration.

Question 20

The citric acid cycle may be described as a cycle because it begins and ends with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  citric acid 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  acetyl-Co A 
A)  citric acid 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  acetyl-Co A

Exam 9: Metabolism

________ is the process in which ATP is synthesized via chemiosmosis without producing NADPH in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

The principal function of carotenoids are ________.

ATP ________. (Select all that apply)

What are the major differences between photosystem I and photosystem II? (Select all that apply)

Gluconeogenesis is ________.

Under standard biological conditions, how much energy is released when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups in ATP is broken?

What type of phosphorylation occurs in the Citric Acid Cycle?

Fermentation is an ancient process utilized by Egyptians and other civilizations to provide safer beverages to drink. On the molecular level, why would fermentation make fluids safer to drink?

ATP belongs to which of the 4 groups of organic molecules critical to life?

In ________, the high-energy third phosphate group is transferred by an enzyme to ADP creating ATP.

The ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to ________. (Select all that apply)

Looking around your home, which of the following is not an example of potential energy?

What serves as final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

The replacement electrons for Photosystem II's P680 reaction center come from ________.

The production of proteins from amino acids is a ________ reaction. (Select all that apply)

Catabolism is a set of ________ reactions that ________.

What three things are required for production of ATP in the electron transport system?

Why does glycolysis have to be followed by either fermentation or respiration?

The citric acid cycle may be described as a cycle because it begins and ends with ________.

Microbial World

An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life

The Biochemistry of Macromolecules

Microscopy

Prokaryote Organisms

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Organisms

Viruses and Infectious Particles

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Microbial Growth and Control

Antimicrobial Agents

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Vaccination, Immunoassays, and Immune Disorders

Microbial Pathogenesis

Epidemiology and Infection Control

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

Diseases of the Urogenital System

Diseases of the Nervous System

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Environmental and Industrial Microbiology

Filters

The replacement electrons for Photosystem II's P₆₈₀ reaction center come from ________.

Catabolism is a set of reactions that .