Question 1

Which of the following is not typically characterized as a latent viral infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Varicella-zoster (chicken pox) 
B)  Herpes simplex 1 
C)  Influenza 
D)  Herpes simplex 2 
A)  Varicella-zoster (chicken pox) 
B)  Herpes simplex 1 
C)  Influenza 
D)  Herpes simplex 2

Question 2

Positive sense RNA viruses have genetic material that is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  read as double stranded DNA 
B)  the same reading structure as mRNA 
C)  complementary to mRNA 
D)  converted to DNA before it can be used as RNA to make viral proteins 
A)  read as double stranded DNA 
B)  the same reading structure as mRNA 
C)  complementary to mRNA 
D)  converted to DNA before it can be used as RNA to make viral proteins

Question 3

The lysogenic cycle is evolutionarily favored because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteriophages replicate faster than other viruses 
B)  viral genome replication occurs more efficiently via binary fission than by the lytic cycle. 
C)  prophage formation occurs more readily than provirus formation 
D)  it reduces the rate of viral mutation 
A)  bacteriophages replicate faster than other viruses 
B)  viral genome replication occurs more efficiently via binary fission than by the lytic cycle. 
C)  prophage formation occurs more readily than provirus formation 
D)  it reduces the rate of viral mutation

Question 4

A(n) ________ virus only has a nucleocapsid.

Accepted Answer

A)  enveloped 
B)  naked 
C)  capsomere 
D)  combination 
A)  enveloped 
B)  naked 
C)  capsomere 
D)  combination

Question 5

After entering the host cell by fusion, the viral genome is immediately translated into new viral proteins. Following genome replication in the cytoplasm, new virions are assembled in the cytoplasm and continuously bud from the host to spread the infection. Based on this information, describe the basic characteristics of this virus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Naked nucleocapsid virus with ds DNA genome 
B)  Enveloped virus with ss DNA genome 
C)  Enveloped virus with ss (+) sense RNA genome 
D)  Naked nucleocapsid with ss (-) RNA genome 
A)  Naked nucleocapsid virus with ds DNA genome 
B)  Enveloped virus with ss DNA genome 
C)  Enveloped virus with ss (+) sense RNA genome 
D)  Naked nucleocapsid with ss (-) RNA genome

Question 6

Indicate the correct order of the viral replication cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  adsorption, penetration, biosynthesis, self-assembly, release 
B)  adsorption, biosynthesis, penetration, self-assembly, release 
C)  adsorption, penetration, biosynthesis, release, self-assembly 
D)  adsorption, biosynthesis, penetration, release, self-assembly 
A)  adsorption, penetration, biosynthesis, self-assembly, release 
B)  adsorption, biosynthesis, penetration, self-assembly, release 
C)  adsorption, penetration, biosynthesis, release, self-assembly 
D)  adsorption, biosynthesis, penetration, release, self-assembly

Question 7

Which of the following are the most pressing problems with treating viral infections? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Finding the proper antibiotic to fit the virus 
B)  The rapid rate of viral mutations 
C)  Finding the source of the viruses 
D)  The limited number of targets to attack the virus 
A)  Finding the proper antibiotic to fit the virus 
B)  The rapid rate of viral mutations 
C)  Finding the source of the viruses 
D)  The limited number of targets to attack the virus

Question 8

Which viruses have caused pandemics in the 21st century resulting in significant mortality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhinovirus and Influenza virus 
B)  Rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 virus 
C)  Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus 
D)  Ebola virus and MERS-CoV virus 
A)  Rhinovirus and Influenza virus 
B)  Rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 virus 
C)  Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus 
D)  Ebola virus and MERS-CoV virus

Question 9

In the process of viral cultivation, ________ cells are used as hosts.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial 
B)  viral 
C)  animal 
D)  plant 
A)  bacterial 
B)  viral 
C)  animal 
D)  plant

Question 10

Although phage therapy is not yet approved for human use in the United States, it is considered a promising treatment of bacterial infections because ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  it is highly effective 
B)  it spares normal bacterial microbiota 
C)  it has fewer side effects than antibiotic therapy 
D)  it is inexpensive 
A)  it is highly effective 
B)  it spares normal bacterial microbiota 
C)  it has fewer side effects than antibiotic therapy 
D)  it is inexpensive

Question 11

________ is clinically significant as it often results in the production of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperate conversion 
B)  Lysogenic conversion 
C)  Specialized transduction 
D)  Phage conversion 
A)  Temperate conversion 
B)  Lysogenic conversion 
C)  Specialized transduction 
D)  Phage conversion

Question 12

Rubella is caused ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythrovirus 
B)  Rubulavirus 
C)  Rubivirus 
D)  Rotavirus 
A)  Erythrovirus 
B)  Rubulavirus 
C)  Rubivirus 
D)  Rotavirus

Question 13

Which step is NOT present in the bacteriophage replication cycle, but IS present in viruses that infect eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adsorption 
B)  Penetration 
C)  Uncoating 
D)  Release 
A)  Adsorption 
B)  Penetration 
C)  Uncoating 
D)  Release

Question 14

Indicate which of the following statement(s) is true regarding the 2018 Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Accepted Answer

A)  The experimental vaccine, rVSV-ZEBV, probably prevented thousands of additional cases. 
B)  Many people in DRC believe the epidemic is a hoax and refuse to participate in prevention measures. 
C)  The World Health Organization has not provided medical assistance. 
D)  This epidemic is caused by the most lethal subtype of the Ebola virus. 
A)  The experimental vaccine, rVSV-ZEBV, probably prevented thousands of additional cases. 
B)  Many people in DRC believe the epidemic is a hoax and refuse to participate in prevention measures. 
C)  The World Health Organization has not provided medical assistance. 
D)  This epidemic is caused by the most lethal subtype of the Ebola virus.

Question 15

Which of the following is the LEAST effective way to prevent the spread of viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Washing your hands before eating 
B)  Using alcohol sanitizers instead of soap 
C)  Only shaking hands with healthy-looking people 
D)  Sneezing into the crook of your arm 
A)  Washing your hands before eating 
B)  Using alcohol sanitizers instead of soap 
C)  Only shaking hands with healthy-looking people 
D)  Sneezing into the crook of your arm

Question 16

Which of the following statements accurately describes a viral envelope?

Accepted Answer

A)  The envelope helps protect viruses exposed to heat and/or detergents. 
B)  The envelope is only found on RNA viruses. 
C)  The presence of an envelope influences viral entry and exit strategies. 
D)  Enveloped viruses do not have protein spikes. 
A)  The envelope helps protect viruses exposed to heat and/or detergents. 
B)  The envelope is only found on RNA viruses. 
C)  The presence of an envelope influences viral entry and exit strategies. 
D)  Enveloped viruses do not have protein spikes.

Question 17

Alphapapillomavirus is classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive sense RNA virus 
B)  double stranded RNA naked nucleocapsid virus 
C)  double stranded DNA naked nucleocapsid virus 
D)  double stranded DNA enveloped virus 
A)  positive sense RNA virus 
B)  double stranded RNA naked nucleocapsid virus 
C)  double stranded DNA naked nucleocapsid virus 
D)  double stranded DNA enveloped virus

Question 18

Most of the viruses with DNA as their nucleic acid replicate in the host's ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membrane 
B)  nucleus 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  cytoplasm 
A)  plasma membrane 
B)  nucleus 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  cytoplasm

Question 19

Viroids exclusively infect ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  animals 
B)  plants 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viruses 
A)  animals 
B)  plants 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viruses

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the measles is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The measles virus is extremely contagious. 
B)  Receiving the MMR vaccine to prevent measles increases a person's risk of developing autism. 
C)  Measles infections are easily treated with modern antiviral medications. 
D)  Childhood measles immunizations are not critical because infection is usually prevented by herd immunity. 
A)  The measles virus is extremely contagious. 
B)  Receiving the MMR vaccine to prevent measles increases a person's risk of developing autism. 
C)  Measles infections are easily treated with modern antiviral medications. 
D)  Childhood measles immunizations are not critical because infection is usually prevented by herd immunity.

Exam 8: Viruses and Infectious Particles

Which of the following is not typically characterized as a latent viral infection?

Positive sense RNA viruses have genetic material that is ________.

The lysogenic cycle is evolutionarily favored because ________.

A(n) ________ virus only has a nucleocapsid.

Indicate the correct order of the viral replication cycle.

Which of the following are the most pressing problems with treating viral infections? (Select all that apply.)

Which viruses have caused pandemics in the 21st century resulting in significant mortality?

In the process of viral cultivation, ________ cells are used as hosts.

Although phage therapy is not yet approved for human use in the United States, it is considered a promising treatment of bacterial infections because ________. (Select all that apply)

________ is clinically significant as it often results in the production of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Rubella is caused ________.

Which step is NOT present in the bacteriophage replication cycle, but IS present in viruses that infect eukaryotic cells?

Indicate which of the following statement(s) is true regarding the 2018 Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Which of the following is the LEAST effective way to prevent the spread of viruses?

Which of the following statements accurately describes a viral envelope?

Alphapapillomavirus is classified as ________.

Most of the viruses with DNA as their nucleic acid replicate in the host's ________.

Viroids exclusively infect ________.

Which of the following statements about the measles is true?

Microbial World

An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life

The Biochemistry of Macromolecules

Microscopy

Prokaryote Organisms

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Organisms

Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Microbial Growth and Control

Antimicrobial Agents

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Vaccination, Immunoassays, and Immune Disorders

Microbial Pathogenesis

Epidemiology and Infection Control

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

Diseases of the Urogenital System

Diseases of the Nervous System

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Environmental and Industrial Microbiology

Filters

Which viruses have caused pandemics in the 21^st century resulting in significant mortality?