Question 1

Generic memory is comprised of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  flashbulb memories 
B)  concepts 
C)  events 
D)  highly-practiced skills 
A)  flashbulb memories 
B)  concepts 
C)  events 
D)  highly-practiced skills

Question 2

What is the role of concepts in cognitive tasks?

Accepted Answer

Concepts are fundamental to all cognitiv

Question 3

In a critique to the hierarchical model of generic memory, Conrad (1972) found that high-frequency properties ________,

Accepted Answer

A)  were verified more quickly than moderate-frequency properties 
B)  were verified more slowly than moderate-frequency properties 
C)  were verified at the same speed as moderate-frequency properties 
D)  were often ignored 
A)  were verified more quickly than moderate-frequency properties 
B)  were verified more slowly than moderate-frequency properties 
C)  were verified at the same speed as moderate-frequency properties 
D)  were often ignored

Question 4

The anterior frontal lobe is linked to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  both generic and episodic memories 
B)  episodic memories but not to generic memories 
C)  generic memories but not to episodic memories 
D)  neither generic nor episodic memories 
A)  both generic and episodic memories 
B)  episodic memories but not to generic memories 
C)  generic memories but not to episodic memories 
D)  neither generic nor episodic memories

Question 5

In their research on concepts, Kiefer and Pulvermüller (2012) argue that their results suggest that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  access to concepts does not involve partial reinstatement of the same perceptual processes that occurred during object perceptions 
B)  access to concepts involves partial reinstatement of the same perceptual processes that occurred during object perceptions 
C)  access to concepts involves reinstatement of separate perceptual processes, distinct from those that occurred during object perceptions 
D)  concepts are located across the entire cortex and cannot be pinpointed by neuroimaging techniques 
A)  access to concepts does not involve partial reinstatement of the same perceptual processes that occurred during object perceptions 
B)  access to concepts involves partial reinstatement of the same perceptual processes that occurred during object perceptions 
C)  access to concepts involves reinstatement of separate perceptual processes, distinct from those that occurred during object perceptions 
D)  concepts are located across the entire cortex and cannot be pinpointed by neuroimaging techniques

Question 6

While some concrete categories have clear-cut criteria, many categories do not (e.g. Wittgenstein notes that even though games have no defining or characteristic features, we can easily judge the sentence "Writing a test is a game" as untrue ). In the latter case, categorization of a category ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is innate and refined through evolution 
B)  instead of directly matching an example to a sample or criteria, revolves around the theories that people form about the world around them 
C)  directly matches an example to a sample or criteria and makes a decision based on probability 
D)  directly matches an example to a sample or criteria and makes a decision based on context 
A)  is innate and refined through evolution 
B)  instead of directly matching an example to a sample or criteria, revolves around the theories that people form about the world around them 
C)  directly matches an example to a sample or criteria and makes a decision based on probability 
D)  directly matches an example to a sample or criteria and makes a decision based on context

Question 7

In Kiefer et al.'s (2007) research investigating the role of learning in concept development, participants were shown novel objects, and some participants were asked to pantomime interacting with the objects. When the objects were shown again, pantomimed interacting with the objects showed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater activation in the frontotemporal lobe and occipital parietal visual-motor regions than controls 
B)  a smaller activation in the frontotemporal lobe and occipital parietal visual-motor regions than controls 
C)  greater activation in the parietal regions than controls 
D)  a smaller activation in the parietal regions than controls 
A)  greater activation in the frontotemporal lobe and occipital parietal visual-motor regions than controls 
B)  a smaller activation in the frontotemporal lobe and occipital parietal visual-motor regions than controls 
C)  greater activation in the parietal regions than controls 
D)  a smaller activation in the parietal regions than controls

Question 8

The hierarchical model of generic memory does not really explain how participants are able to respond to a sentence as false; for example, when asked if the statement "Salmon have fur" is true or false, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  participants slowly respond that this sentence is false; however, the model seems to predict that participants would need to consult only a portion of the hierarchy 
B)  some participants respond that this sentence is true because they are under the effect of various cognitive biases 
C)  participants quickly respond that this sentence is false; however, the model seems to predict that participants would need to consult the entire hierarchy 
D)  some participants respond that this sentence is false, based on incorrect information and seemingly "compensating" for their error 
A)  participants slowly respond that this sentence is false; however, the model seems to predict that participants would need to consult only a portion of the hierarchy 
B)  some participants respond that this sentence is true because they are under the effect of various cognitive biases 
C)  participants quickly respond that this sentence is false; however, the model seems to predict that participants would need to consult the entire hierarchy 
D)  some participants respond that this sentence is false, based on incorrect information and seemingly "compensating" for their error

Question 9

According to Kiefer and Pulvermüller, what are the four issues that are central to the debate concerning how concepts are represented the brain? Explain each issue in detail.

Accepted Answer

Kiefer and Pulvermüller explore four iss

Question 10

Wagner et al. (2001) found that the ________ is involved with controlled searches of generic memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia 
B)  left inferior prefrontal cortex 
C)  neocortex 
D)  thalamus 
A)  basal ganglia 
B)  left inferior prefrontal cortex 
C)  neocortex 
D)  thalamus

Question 11

Tanaka and Taylor (1991) assembled a group of birdwatchers and dog experts and presented them with line drawings of birds and dogs embedded with distractors, and participants were asked to name the object in the picture as quickly and accurately as possible. Birdwatchers used the subordinate category name on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  99 per cent of the time when naming dogs, and dog experts used the subordinate category name 85 per cent of the time when naming birds 
B)  99 per cent of the time when naming dogs, and dog experts used the subordinate category name 85 per cent of the time when naming birds, but only if distractors were congruent with the main item 
C)  74 per cent of trials showing birds and dog experts used the subordinate category on 40 per cent of trials showing dogs, but only if distractors were congruent with the main item 
D)  74 per cent of trials showing birds and dog experts used the subordinate category on 40 per cent of trials showing dogs 
A)  99 per cent of the time when naming dogs, and dog experts used the subordinate category name 85 per cent of the time when naming birds 
B)  99 per cent of the time when naming dogs, and dog experts used the subordinate category name 85 per cent of the time when naming birds, but only if distractors were congruent with the main item 
C)  74 per cent of trials showing birds and dog experts used the subordinate category on 40 per cent of trials showing dogs, but only if distractors were congruent with the main item 
D)  74 per cent of trials showing birds and dog experts used the subordinate category on 40 per cent of trials showing dogs

Question 12

Schemas ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are most often a source of distraction and error 
B)  allow us to make predictions and help us organize information so we can better remember it 
C)  cannot be learned and are innate 
D)  allow us to make predictions but only if the context remains constant 
A)  are most often a source of distraction and error 
B)  allow us to make predictions and help us organize information so we can better remember it 
C)  cannot be learned and are innate 
D)  allow us to make predictions but only if the context remains constant

Question 13

Generic memory is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge of facts 
B)  a type of implicit memory 
C)  context-based and associated with a particular point in time 
D)  also known as systematic memory 
A)  knowledge of facts 
B)  a type of implicit memory 
C)  context-based and associated with a particular point in time 
D)  also known as systematic memory

Question 14

Lashley (1929) was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  able to eliminate a learned behaviour and eventually concluded that generic memories were not distributed across the brain but localized 
B)  never able to eliminate a learned behaviour and eventually concluded that generic memories were distributed across the brain and not localized 
C)  able to eliminate a learned behaviour but only initially, before consolidation 
D)  never able to eliminate a learned behaviour initially, but only later after consolidation 
A)  able to eliminate a learned behaviour and eventually concluded that generic memories were not distributed across the brain but localized 
B)  never able to eliminate a learned behaviour and eventually concluded that generic memories were distributed across the brain and not localized 
C)  able to eliminate a learned behaviour but only initially, before consolidation 
D)  never able to eliminate a learned behaviour initially, but only later after consolidation

Question 15

In ________ of generic memory, concepts are arranged from the most general at the top to the most specific at the bottom, and facts related to concepts are stored at the highest level to which they apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  the hierarchical-network model 
B)  the spreading-activation model 
C)  the compound-cue model 
D)  the hub-and-spoke model 
A)  the hierarchical-network model 
B)  the spreading-activation model 
C)  the compound-cue model 
D)  the hub-and-spoke model

Question 16

Warrington and Shallice (1984) argue that our generic memories for objects are generally divided into ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  two broad categories: knowledge that is primarily related to what objects do and knowledge that is primarily related to what objects look like 
B)  three broad categories: knowledge that is primarily related to what objects do, knowledge that is primarily related to what objects look like, and knowledge that is primarily related to whether objects are useful to the subject 
C)  two broad categories: knowledge that is primarily related to what objects do and knowledge that is primarily related to whether objects are useful to the subject 
D)  two broad categories: knowledge that is primarily related to what objects look like and knowledge that is primarily related to whether objects are useful to the subject 
A)  two broad categories: knowledge that is primarily related to what objects do and knowledge that is primarily related to what objects look like 
B)  three broad categories: knowledge that is primarily related to what objects do, knowledge that is primarily related to what objects look like, and knowledge that is primarily related to whether objects are useful to the subject 
C)  two broad categories: knowledge that is primarily related to what objects do and knowledge that is primarily related to whether objects are useful to the subject 
D)  two broad categories: knowledge that is primarily related to what objects look like and knowledge that is primarily related to whether objects are useful to the subject

Question 17

What areas of the brain are associated with generic memories?

Accepted Answer

Researchers have deduced which areas of

Question 18

According to Caramazza and Shelton's (1998) domain-specific knowledge hypothesis, evolutionary pressures have led the human brain to develop specialized mechanisms for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  distinguishing between moving and non-moving things 
B)  distinguishing between living and nonliving things 
C)  rapid escape from dangerous objects 
D)  rapid recognition of potentially dangerous objects 
A)  distinguishing between moving and non-moving things 
B)  distinguishing between living and nonliving things 
C)  rapid escape from dangerous objects 
D)  rapid recognition of potentially dangerous objects

Question 19

Dagenbach et al. (1990) argued that associative priming is only observed for items that are part of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory 
B)  sensory memory 
C)  episodic memory 
D)  generic memory 
A)  working memory 
B)  sensory memory 
C)  episodic memory 
D)  generic memory

Question 20

The ________ is based on the ideas that related concepts are connected in a network, and that concepts that share more properties will have more links between them.

Accepted Answer

A)  hierarchical-network model 
B)  spreading-activation model 
C)  compound-cue model 
D)  hub-and-spoke model 
A)  hierarchical-network model 
B)  spreading-activation model 
C)  compound-cue model 
D)  hub-and-spoke model

Generic memory is comprised of ________.

What is the role of concepts in cognitive tasks?

In a critique to the hierarchical model of generic memory, Conrad (1972) found that high-frequency properties ________,

The anterior frontal lobe is linked to ________.

In their research on concepts, Kiefer and Pulvermüller (2012) argue that their results suggest that ________.

In Kiefer et al.'s (2007) research investigating the role of learning in concept development, participants were shown novel objects, and some participants were asked to pantomime interacting with the objects. When the objects were shown again, pantomimed interacting with the objects showed ________.

The hierarchical model of generic memory does not really explain how participants are able to respond to a sentence as false; for example, when asked if the statement "Salmon have fur" is true or false, ________.

According to Kiefer and Pulvermüller, what are the four issues that are central to the debate concerning how concepts are represented the brain? Explain each issue in detail.

Wagner et al. (2001) found that the ________ is involved with controlled searches of generic memory.

Schemas ________.

Generic memory is ________.

Lashley (1929) was ________.

In ________ of generic memory, concepts are arranged from the most general at the top to the most specific at the bottom, and facts related to concepts are stored at the highest level to which they apply.

Warrington and Shallice (1984) argue that our generic memories for objects are generally divided into ________.

What areas of the brain are associated with generic memories?

According to Caramazza and Shelton's (1998) domain-specific knowledge hypothesis, evolutionary pressures have led the human brain to develop specialized mechanisms for ________.

Dagenbach et al. (1990) argued that associative priming is only observed for items that are part of ________.

The ________ is based on the ideas that related concepts are connected in a network, and that concepts that share more properties will have more links between them.

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

Exam 7: Generic Memory

Generic memory is comprised of ________.

What is the role of concepts in cognitive tasks?

In a critique to the hierarchical model of generic memory, Conrad (1972) found that high-frequency properties ________,

The anterior frontal lobe is linked to ________.

In their research on concepts, Kiefer and Pulvermüller (2012) argue that their results suggest that ________.

The hierarchical model of generic memory does not really explain how participants are able to respond to a sentence as false; for example, when asked if the statement "Salmon have fur" is true or false, ________.

According to Kiefer and Pulvermüller, what are the four issues that are central to the debate concerning how concepts are represented the brain? Explain each issue in detail.

Wagner et al. (2001) found that the ________ is involved with controlled searches of generic memory.

Schemas ________.

Generic memory is ________.

Lashley (1929) was ________.

In ________ of generic memory, concepts are arranged from the most general at the top to the most specific at the bottom, and facts related to concepts are stored at the highest level to which they apply.

Warrington and Shallice (1984) argue that our generic memories for objects are generally divided into ________.

What areas of the brain are associated with generic memories?

According to Caramazza and Shelton's (1998) domain-specific knowledge hypothesis, evolutionary pressures have led the human brain to develop specialized mechanisms for ________.

Dagenbach et al. (1990) argued that associative priming is only observed for items that are part of ________.

The ________ is based on the ideas that related concepts are connected in a network, and that concepts that share more properties will have more links between them.

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters