Question 1

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Accepted Answer

A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B) can form a double-stranded molecule. 
C) is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in RNA is a keto sugar. 
D) is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration. 
E) contains one less oxygen atom. 
A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B) can form a double-stranded molecule. 
C) is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in RNA is a keto sugar. 
D) is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration. 
E) contains one less oxygen atom.

Question 2

Which level of protein structure do the α helix and the β pleated sheet represent?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 3

Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3' with 3'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5' 
B) 5'-AGCT-3' with 5'-TCGA-3' 
C) 5'-GCGC-3' with 5'-TATA-3' 
D) 5'-ATGC-3' with 5'-GCAT-3' 
E) All of these pairs are correct. 
A) 5'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3' with 3'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5' 
B) 5'-AGCT-3' with 5'-TCGA-3' 
C) 5'-GCGC-3' with 5'-TATA-3' 
D) 5'-ATGC-3' with 5'-GCAT-3' 
E) All of these pairs are correct.

Question 4

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines.This DNA molecule could be composed of

Accepted Answer

A) 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. 
B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. 
C) 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules. 
D) 120 adenine and 120 cytosine molecules. 
E) 120 guanine and 120 thymine molecules. 
A) 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. 
B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. 
C) 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules. 
D) 120 adenine and 120 cytosine molecules. 
E) 120 guanine and 120 thymine molecules.

Question 5

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

Accepted Answer

A) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. 
B) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α glycosidic linkages of cellulose. 
C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose. 
D) humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract. 
E) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group. 
A) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. 
B) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α glycosidic linkages of cellulose. 
C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose. 
D) humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract. 
E) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group.

Question 6

DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together.What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?

Accepted Answer

A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B) The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. 
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B) The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. 
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A) They are both polymers of glucose. 
B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other. 
C) They can both be digested by humans. 
D) They are both used for energy storage in plants. 
E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. 
A) They are both polymers of glucose. 
B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other. 
C) They can both be digested by humans. 
D) They are both used for energy storage in plants. 
E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.

Question 8

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide,back to its component amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. 
B) They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids. 
C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter. 
D) They are usually liquid at room temperature. 
E) They are usually produced by plants. 
A) They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. 
B) They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids. 
C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter. 
D) They are usually liquid at room temperature. 
E) They are usually produced by plants.

Question 10

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the above figure?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
A) It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

Question 11

A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica.Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans,65 differences from a gibbon,49 differences from a rat,and 5 differences from a frog.These data suggest that the new organism

Accepted Answer

A) is more closely related to humans than to frogs. 
B) is more closely related to frogs than to humans. 
C) evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals. 
D) is more closely related to humans than to rats. 
E) is more closely related to frogs than to humans and also evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals. 
A) is more closely related to humans than to frogs. 
B) is more closely related to frogs than to humans. 
C) evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals. 
D) is more closely related to humans than to rats. 
E) is more closely related to frogs than to humans and also evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals.

Question 12

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive ¹⁵N,which of these molecules will be labelled?

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids only 
B) nucleic acids only 
C) proteins only 
D) amylase only 
E) both proteins and nucleic acids 
A) fatty acids only 
B) nucleic acids only 
C) proteins only 
D) amylase only 
E) both proteins and nucleic acids

Question 13

Why are steroids are considered to be lipids?

Accepted Answer

A) Because steroids are essential components of cell membranes. 
B) Because steroids are not soluble in water. 
C) Because steroids are made of fatty acids. 
D) Because steroids contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E) Because steroids are hydrophilic. 
A) Because steroids are essential components of cell membranes. 
B) Because steroids are not soluble in water. 
C) Because steroids are made of fatty acids. 
D) Because steroids contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E) Because steroids are hydrophilic.

Question 14

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all.
  
-Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 4 
C) 6 
D) 12 
E) 13 
A) 1 
B) 4 
C) 6 
D) 12 
E) 13

Question 15

-Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
A) It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

Question 16

A molecule with the formula C₁₈H₃₆O₂ is probably a

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate. 
B) fatty acid. 
C) protein. 
D) nucleic acid. 
E) hydrocarbon. 
A) carbohydrate. 
B) fatty acid. 
C) protein. 
D) nucleic acid. 
E) hydrocarbon.

Question 17

The use of computer software to analyze large genetic and protein data sets is known as

Accepted Answer

A) genomics. 
B) proteomics. 
C) bioinformatics. 
D) sequencing. 
E) molecular genealogy. 
A) genomics. 
B) proteomics. 
C) bioinformatics. 
D) sequencing. 
E) molecular genealogy.

Question 18

The covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by way of dehydration is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bond. 
B) sulphide bridge. 
C) glycosidic link. 
D) glucose bridge. 
E) disaccharide link. 
A) hydrogen bond. 
B) sulphide bridge. 
C) glycosidic link. 
D) glucose bridge. 
E) disaccharide link.

Question 19

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) chitin 
B) cellulose 
C) amylopectin 
D) amylose 
E) starch 
A) chitin 
B) cellulose 
C) amylopectin 
D) amylose 
E) starch

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?

Accepted Answer

A) They are insoluble in water. 
B) They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. 
C) They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. 
D) They are made by dehydration reactions. 
E) They contain nitrogen. 
A) They are insoluble in water. 
B) They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. 
C) They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. 
D) They are made by dehydration reactions. 
E) They contain nitrogen.

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Which level of protein structure do the α helix and the β pleated sheet represent?

Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines.This DNA molecule could be composed of

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together.What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide,back to its component amino acid?

Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the above figure?

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive ¹⁵N,which of these molecules will be labelled?

Why are steroids are considered to be lipids?

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all. -Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

-Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the figure above?

A molecule with the formula C₁₈H₃₆O₂ is probably a

The use of computer software to analyze large genetic and protein data sets is known as

The covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by way of dehydration is called a(n)

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters