Question 1

Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?

Accepted Answer

A) lipids 
B) carbohydrates 
C) proteins 
D) nucleic acids 
E) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers 
A) lipids 
B) carbohydrates 
C) proteins 
D) nucleic acids 
E) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers

Question 2

How many different kinds of polypeptides,each composed of 12 amino acids,could be synthesized using the 20 common amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) 4¹² 
B) 12²⁰ 
C) 240 
D) 20 
E) 20¹² 
A) 4¹² 
B) 12²⁰ 
C) 240 
D) 20 
E) 20¹²

Question 3

The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient.What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil?

Accepted Answer

A) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point. 
B) The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature. 
C) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains. 
D) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty acids. 
E) The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog arteries. 
A) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point. 
B) The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature. 
C) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains. 
D) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty acids. 
E) The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog arteries.

Question 4

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A) The types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules. 
B) The type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule. 
C) Whether glucose is in the α or β form. 
D) The amount of branching that occurs in the molecule. 
E) They have different amounts of hydrogen bonding. 
A) The types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules. 
B) The type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule. 
C) Whether glucose is in the α or β form. 
D) The amount of branching that occurs in the molecule. 
E) They have different amounts of hydrogen bonding.

Question 5

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together.What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B) The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B) The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Question 6

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all.
  
-Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 7 
C) 8 
D) 12 
E) 13 
A) 3 
B) 7 
C) 8 
D) 12 
E) 13

Question 7

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all.
  
-Which molecule is glycerol?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 6 
C) 10 
D) 14 
E) 15 
A) 1 
B) 6 
C) 10 
D) 14 
E) 15

Question 8

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all.
  
-Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a phosphodiester type of covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 and 4 
B) 3 and 8 
C) 6 and 15 
D) 11 and 12 
E) 11 and 13 
A) 3 and 4 
B) 3 and 8 
C) 6 and 15 
D) 11 and 12 
E) 11 and 13

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B) The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C) The 5' end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D) The 5' end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
E) The 5' end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases. 
A) The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B) The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C) The 5' end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D) The 5' end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
E) The 5' end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases.

Question 10

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all.
  
-Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 12 
E) 14 
A) 1 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 12 
E) 14

Question 11

Which of the following is true of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose. 
B) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. 
C) It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. 
D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. 
E) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls. 
A) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose. 
B) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. 
C) It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. 
D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. 
E) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls.

Question 12

What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphodiester linkages 
B) hydrolysis 
C) dehydration reactions 
D) ionic bonding of monomers 
E) the formation of disulphide bridges between monomers 
A) phosphodiester linkages 
B) hydrolysis 
C) dehydration reactions 
D) ionic bonding of monomers 
E) the formation of disulphide bridges between monomers

Question 13

What aspects of protein structure are stabilized or assisted by hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) primary structure 
B) secondary structure 
C) tertiary structure 
D) quaternary structure 
E) secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but not primary structure 
A) primary structure 
B) secondary structure 
C) tertiary structure 
D) quaternary structure 
E) secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but not primary structure

Question 14

-What is the structure shown in the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A) pentose molecule 
B) fatty acid molecule 
C) steroid molecule 
D) oligosaccharide molecule 
E) phospholipid molecule 
A) pentose molecule 
B) fatty acid molecule 
C) steroid molecule 
D) oligosaccharide molecule 
E) phospholipid molecule

Question 15

Which class of biological molecules are grouped together because their monomers are amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates 
B) lipids 
C) proteins 
D) nucleic acids 
E) This is not a criterion for grouping molecules. 
A) carbohydrates 
B) lipids 
C) proteins 
D) nucleic acids 
E) This is not a criterion for grouping molecules.

Question 16

Which of the four classes of biological molecules is not a polymer and thus isn't formed by dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates 
B) lipids 
C) proteins 
D) nucleic acids 
E) All can be considered polymers. 
A) carbohydrates 
B) lipids 
C) proteins 
D) nucleic acids 
E) All can be considered polymers.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing?

Accepted Answer

A) monosaccharide/polysaccharide 
B) amino acid/protein 
C) triglyceride/phospholipid bilayer 
D) deoxyribonucleotide/DNA 
E) ribonucleotide/RNA 
A) monosaccharide/polysaccharide 
B) amino acid/protein 
C) triglyceride/phospholipid bilayer 
D) deoxyribonucleotide/DNA 
E) ribonucleotide/RNA

Question 18

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. 
B) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable. 
C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. 
D) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers. 
E) Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers. 
A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. 
B) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable. 
C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. 
D) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers. 
E) Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers.

Question 19

Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B) They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C) They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D) They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
E) They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule. 
A) They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B) They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C) They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D) They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
E) They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule.

Question 20

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar 
C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar 
D) a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil 
E) a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine 
A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar 
C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar 
D) a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil 
E) a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?

How many different kinds of polypeptides,each composed of 12 amino acids,could be synthesized using the 20 common amino acids?

The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient.What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil?

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together.What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all. -Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain?

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all. -Which molecule is glycerol?

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all. -Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a phosphodiester type of covalent bond?

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below.Each molecule may be used once,more than once,or not at all. -Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma membranes?

Which of the following is true of cellulose?

What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

What aspects of protein structure are stabilized or assisted by hydrogen bonds?

-What is the structure shown in the figure above?

Which class of biological molecules are grouped together because their monomers are amino acids?

Which of the four classes of biological molecules is not a polymer and thus isn't formed by dehydration?

Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing?

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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