Chat with AIExam 5: Complex Patterns of Inheritance
Sickle cell disease exhibits a variety of symptoms and is more severe under stressful situations. Sickle cell disease is an example of a _____ genetic disorder.
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Discuss the factors responsible for regression to the mean.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotRegression to the mean is a statistical phenomenon where extreme values in a dataset tend to move closer to the average over time. There are several factors that contribute to regression to the mean:
1. Random variation: In any set of measurements, there will be some degree of random variation. Extreme values are often the result of this random variation, and over time, subsequent measurements are likely to be closer to the average.
2. Measurement error: When measurements are taken, there is always some degree of error involved. Extreme values may be the result of measurement error, and subsequent measurements are likely to be closer to the true average.
3. Sample size: Small sample sizes can lead to extreme values that are not representative of the true average. As the sample size increases, extreme values are more likely to regress to the mean.
4. Natural fluctuations: Many phenomena in the natural world exhibit natural fluctuations over time. Extreme values are often the result of these fluctuations, and subsequent measurements are likely to be closer to the average.
5. Reversion to the mean: In some cases, extreme values are the result of temporary or unusual circumstances. Over time, these circumstances are likely to change, leading to a reversion to the mean.
Overall, regression to the mean is a common statistical phenomenon that can be attributed to a combination of random variation, measurement error, sample size, natural fluctuations, and reversion to the mean. Understanding these factors is important for interpreting data and making accurate predictions.
The heritability of a trait can be defined as
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The type of breeding experiments done by King Frederick William of Prussia would not be possible today given available technologies.
(33) Give two different genotypes for individuals with intermediate skin color and show the different types of gametes that they could produce.
(39) A heritability value of 0.6 for IQ indicates that 60 percent of a person's IQ results from genetic influence.
(33) The additive model for polygenic inheritance proposes that the genes controlling a trait are all on one chromosome.
(29) A diet rich in ___ has been shown to reduce the incidence of spina bifida.
(33) DZ twins are no more or less genetically similar to each other than ____________________ are.
(43) Phrenology and craniometry are no longer considered valid methods of studying intelligence.
(37) King Frederick William of Prussia failed in his attempts to create an army of giants because of all the following reasons except one. Select the exception.
(34) How would you go about determining whether a trait was controlled by a single gene or by polygenes? Would pedigree analysis be of use in answering this question?
(40) The role of nutrition in the improvement of spina bifida is an example of a _____ effect.
(33) In a certain population with a mean IQ of 100, the heritability of IQ was measured at 0.6. A chapter of Mensa in this population has an average IQ of 140. If they are otherwise typical of their population, about how many of their IQ points can be attributed to their genes?
(33) Using a large poster board, construct a Punnet Square involving three genes for skin color. One of the parents is completely dominant for all three genes and the other parent is completely recessive for all three genes. Then construct a graph of the number of offspring (y-axis) versus phenotype (skin color from lightest to darkest on the x-axis).
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