Question 1

One unique feature of prokaryotes is that their mRNAs are often polycistronic. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacteria are polyc

Question 2

During translation, the codons on the mRNA are recognized by complementary base pairing to the anticodon on the

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosome. 
B)  transfer RNA. 
C)  small cytoplasmic RNA. 
D)  aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. 
A)  ribosome. 
B)  transfer RNA. 
C)  small cytoplasmic RNA. 
D)  aminoacyl tRNA synthetase.

Question 3

What would be the likely result of a mutation in the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)?

Accepted Answer

There would be significant problems with

Question 4

Which of the following regulates genes by binding directly to transcription factor proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth hormone 
B)  Insulin 
C)  Steroid hormones 
D)  Epinephrine 
A)  Growth hormone 
B)  Insulin 
C)  Steroid hormones 
D)  Epinephrine

Question 5

Which process is not associated with translational regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dephosphorylation of 4E-BPs that bind eIF4E and prevent its interaction with eIF4G 
B)  Autolytic degradation of the mRNA by folding back on itself 
C)  Cleavage of mRNA by miRNA/RISC complexes 
D)  Phosphorylation of eIF2, which inhibits GDP/GTP exchange 
A)  Dephosphorylation of 4E-BPs that bind eIF4E and prevent its interaction with eIF4G 
B)  Autolytic degradation of the mRNA by folding back on itself 
C)  Cleavage of mRNA by miRNA/RISC complexes 
D)  Phosphorylation of eIF2, which inhibits GDP/GTP exchange

Question 6

Chaperones determine the folded conformation of many proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The factor that escorts the aminoacyl tRNA to the eukaryotic ribosome and then releases it with GTP hydrolysis following the correct codon-anticodon base pairing is

Accepted Answer

A)  eIF1. 
B)  eRF1. 
C)  eIF2. 
D)  eE$\alpha$. 
A)  eIF1. 
B)  eRF1. 
C)  eIF2. 
D)  eE$\alpha$.

Question 8

Ferritin levels can be regulated by IRE binding proteins that bind to a site near the 5ʹ end of ferritin mRNAs and block translation of the RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Monomeric G proteins, such as Ras and several elongation factors, are usually in the active state when a molecule of _______ is bound to them.

Accepted Answer

A)  GDP 
B)  GTP 
C)  ADP 
D)  ATP 
A)  GDP 
B)  GTP 
C)  ADP 
D)  ATP

Question 10

MicroRNAs can regulate translation by targeting proteins that can either cleave an mRNA or repress its translation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

N-linked glycosylation attaches a complex carbohydrate onto the

Accepted Answer

A)  free amino group at the amino terminal end of the polypeptide. 
B)  amino group of asparagine. 
C)  amino group of lysine. 
D)  carboxyl group of aspartic acid. 
A)  free amino group at the amino terminal end of the polypeptide. 
B)  amino group of asparagine. 
C)  amino group of lysine. 
D)  carboxyl group of aspartic acid.

Question 12

In a major protein degradation pathway, a short polypeptide called _______ is attached to a protein to target it for destruction.

Accepted Answer

A)  glutathione 
B)  ubiquinone 
C)  ubiquitin 
D)  KDEL 
A)  glutathione 
B)  ubiquinone 
C)  ubiquitin 
D)  KDEL

Question 13

The initiator codon in prokaryotes is

Accepted Answer

A)  the first codon located at the 5ʹ end of the mRNA. 
B)  recognized by scanning of the ribosome downstream of the 5ʹ 7-methylguanosine cap. 
C)  recognized via the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. 
D)  the first 5ʹ AUG of the mRNA. 
A)  the first codon located at the 5ʹ end of the mRNA. 
B)  recognized by scanning of the ribosome downstream of the 5ʹ 7-methylguanosine cap. 
C)  recognized via the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. 
D)  the first 5ʹ AUG of the mRNA.

Question 14

Antibiotics are powerful medications that inhibit the growth of bacteria. They work at a variety of levels, but many target the process of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell. In the developing of an antibiotic, which of the following would be an effective strategy or target for the drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibiting translational initiation 
B)  Inducing premature polypeptide chain termination 
C)  Inhibiting aminoacyl tRNA binding 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Inhibiting translational initiation 
B)  Inducing premature polypeptide chain termination 
C)  Inhibiting aminoacyl tRNA binding 
D)  All of the above

Question 15

Eukaryotic ribosomes recognize and initially bind to what structure on the mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  A Shine-Dalgarno sequence 
B)  The 7-methylguanosine cap 
C)  A TATA sequence 
D)  A CCAAT sequence 
A)  A Shine-Dalgarno sequence 
B)  The 7-methylguanosine cap 
C)  A TATA sequence 
D)  A CCAAT sequence

Question 16

The function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases is to

Accepted Answer

A)  covalently attach amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules. 
B)  synthesize tRNA molecules. 
C)  catalyze the formation of the aminoacyl ATP intermediate during amino acid attachment to tRNAs. 
D)  catalyze the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids. 
A)  covalently attach amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules. 
B)  synthesize tRNA molecules. 
C)  catalyze the formation of the aminoacyl ATP intermediate during amino acid attachment to tRNAs. 
D)  catalyze the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids.

Question 17

Receptor tyrosine kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from _______ to the side chains of tyrosine residues.

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP 
B)  the plasma membrane 
C)  ATP 
D)  GTP 
A)  cAMP 
B)  the plasma membrane 
C)  ATP 
D)  GTP

Question 18

Termination of translation and release of the polypeptide chain occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA binds to a termination codon via a complementary anticodon but lacks an amino acid. 
B)  a protein release factor binds to the termination codon. 
C)  a tRNA with a complementary anticodon binds to a termination codon, and a release factor bound to the CCA end releases the chain. 
D)  a small molecule shaped like puromycin binds to the termination codon. 
A)  tRNA binds to a termination codon via a complementary anticodon but lacks an amino acid. 
B)  a protein release factor binds to the termination codon. 
C)  a tRNA with a complementary anticodon binds to a termination codon, and a release factor bound to the CCA end releases the chain. 
D)  a small molecule shaped like puromycin binds to the termination codon.

Question 19

Why do chaperones bind to nascent polypeptide chains while they are still being translated?

Accepted Answer

To protect the nascent chain f

Question 20

Translation of mRNAs starts at

Accepted Answer

A)  the 3ʹ end of the mRNA. 
B)  a site downstream of a 3ʹ untranslated region. 
C)  the 5ʹ end of the mRNA. 
D)  a site downstream of a 5ʹ untranslated region. 
A)  the 3ʹ end of the mRNA. 
B)  a site downstream of a 3ʹ untranslated region. 
C)  the 5ʹ end of the mRNA. 
D)  a site downstream of a 5ʹ untranslated region.

One unique feature of prokaryotes is that their mRNAs are often polycistronic. What does this mean?

During translation, the codons on the mRNA are recognized by complementary base pairing to the anticodon on the

What would be the likely result of a mutation in the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)?

Which of the following regulates genes by binding directly to transcription factor proteins?

Which process is not associated with translational regulation?

Chaperones determine the folded conformation of many proteins.

The factor that escorts the aminoacyl tRNA to the eukaryotic ribosome and then releases it with GTP hydrolysis following the correct codon-anticodon base pairing is

Ferritin levels can be regulated by IRE binding proteins that bind to a site near the 5ʹ end of ferritin mRNAs and block translation of the RNA.

Monomeric G proteins, such as Ras and several elongation factors, are usually in the active state when a molecule of _______ is bound to them.

MicroRNAs can regulate translation by targeting proteins that can either cleave an mRNA or repress its translation.

N-linked glycosylation attaches a complex carbohydrate onto the

In a major protein degradation pathway, a short polypeptide called _______ is attached to a protein to target it for destruction.

The initiator codon in prokaryotes is

Antibiotics are powerful medications that inhibit the growth of bacteria. They work at a variety of levels, but many target the process of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell. In the developing of an antibiotic, which of the following would be an effective strategy or target for the drug?

Eukaryotic ribosomes recognize and initially bind to what structure on the mRNA?

The function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases is to

Receptor tyrosine kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from _______ to the side chains of tyrosine residues.

Termination of translation and release of the polypeptide chain occur when

Why do chaperones bind to nascent polypeptide chains while they are still being translated?

Translation of mRNAs starts at

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

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Exam 10: Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

One unique feature of prokaryotes is that their mRNAs are often polycistronic. What does this mean?

During translation, the codons on the mRNA are recognized by complementary base pairing to the anticodon on the

What would be the likely result of a mutation in the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)?

Which of the following regulates genes by binding directly to transcription factor proteins?

Which process is not associated with translational regulation?

Chaperones determine the folded conformation of many proteins.

The factor that escorts the aminoacyl tRNA to the eukaryotic ribosome and then releases it with GTP hydrolysis following the correct codon-anticodon base pairing is

Ferritin levels can be regulated by IRE binding proteins that bind to a site near the 5ʹ end of ferritin mRNAs and block translation of the RNA.

Monomeric G proteins, such as Ras and several elongation factors, are usually in the active state when a molecule of _______ is bound to them.

MicroRNAs can regulate translation by targeting proteins that can either cleave an mRNA or repress its translation.

N-linked glycosylation attaches a complex carbohydrate onto the

In a major protein degradation pathway, a short polypeptide called _______ is attached to a protein to target it for destruction.

The initiator codon in prokaryotes is

Antibiotics are powerful medications that inhibit the growth of bacteria. They work at a variety of levels, but many target the process of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell. In the developing of an antibiotic, which of the following would be an effective strategy or target for the drug?

Eukaryotic ribosomes recognize and initially bind to what structure on the mRNA?

The function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases is to

Receptor tyrosine kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from _______ to the side chains of tyrosine residues.

Termination of translation and release of the polypeptide chain occur when

Why do chaperones bind to nascent polypeptide chains while they are still being translated?

Translation of mRNAs starts at

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters