Question 1

Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of infants in Piaget's sensorimotor Substage 2?

Accepted Answer

A)  a baby who drops toys down the steps in varying ways 
B)  a baby who accidentally makes a smacking noise while eating and later tries to reproduce the sound 
C)  a baby who can push aside a cover to retrieve a hidden toy 
D)  a baby who accidentally hits a toy hung in front of her and then tries to repeat this effect 
A)  a baby who drops toys down the steps in varying ways 
B)  a baby who accidentally makes a smacking noise while eating and later tries to reproduce the sound 
C)  a baby who can push aside a cover to retrieve a hidden toy 
D)  a baby who accidentally hits a toy hung in front of her and then tries to repeat this effect

Question 2

According to Piaget, children who pass class inclusion tasks

Accepted Answer

A)  can focus on relations between a general and two specific categories at the same time. 
B)  have the capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse them. 
C)  can order items along a quantitative dimension. 
D)  are able to recognize more than five separate and distinct categories of items. 
A)  can focus on relations between a general and two specific categories at the same time. 
B)  have the capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse them. 
C)  can order items along a quantitative dimension. 
D)  are able to recognize more than five separate and distinct categories of items.

Question 3

Core knowledge theorists view development as

Accepted Answer

A)  simply refining already advanced knowledge systems. 
B)  following a strict, stagewise progression. 
C)  a sociocultural phenomenon. 
D)  domain-specific and uneven. 
A)  simply refining already advanced knowledge systems. 
B)  following a strict, stagewise progression. 
C)  a sociocultural phenomenon. 
D)  domain-specific and uneven.

Question 4

Elementary and middle school students exposed to reciprocal teaching

Accepted Answer

A)  tend to experience more conflict and competition. 
B)  have dramatically higher IQ scores than children exposed to traditional methods. 
C)  show impressive gains in reading comprehension. 
D)  are often overly dependent on adults. 
A)  tend to experience more conflict and competition. 
B)  have dramatically higher IQ scores than children exposed to traditional methods. 
C)  show impressive gains in reading comprehension. 
D)  are often overly dependent on adults.

Question 5

People are most likely to think abstractly and systematically on tasks in which

Accepted Answer

A)  they have had extensive guidance and practice in using such reasoning. 
B)  hypothetico-deductive reasoning is not required. 
C)  the rules of logical thought can be ignored. 
D)  logical necessity is required. 
A)  they have had extensive guidance and practice in using such reasoning. 
B)  hypothetico-deductive reasoning is not required. 
C)  the rules of logical thought can be ignored. 
D)  logical necessity is required.

Question 6

Piaget's theory is described as a constructivist approach because he

Accepted Answer

A)  stressed the social and cultural contributions to children's thinking. 
B)  viewed children as discovering virtually all knowledge about their world through their own activity. 
C)  emphasized how genetic and environmental factors combine to yield more complex ways of thinking. 
D)  believed that children construct knowledge through adult training and modeling. 
A)  stressed the social and cultural contributions to children's thinking. 
B)  viewed children as discovering virtually all knowledge about their world through their own activity. 
C)  emphasized how genetic and environmental factors combine to yield more complex ways of thinking. 
D)  believed that children construct knowledge through adult training and modeling.

Question 7

Two-year-old Maya is building a block tower. Her father begins by pointing to where each block needs to go as Maya piles them up. As Maya's competence with the task increases, her father gradually withdraws support. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  transitive inference. 
B)  cooperative learning. 
C)  reciprocal teaching. 
D)  scaffolding. 
A)  transitive inference. 
B)  cooperative learning. 
C)  reciprocal teaching. 
D)  scaffolding.

Question 8

Based on Piaget's view of children's private speech, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both Tatiana and her parents engage in private speech. 
B)  Taylor's cognitive development and certain social experiences will bring an end to his private speech. 
C)  As Carolina internalizes the perspective of others, she will begin to engage in private speech. 
D)  Kaz's social speech declines in favor of egocentric speech, in which he adapts what he says to his listeners. 
A)  Both Tatiana and her parents engage in private speech. 
B)  Taylor's cognitive development and certain social experiences will bring an end to his private speech. 
C)  As Carolina internalizes the perspective of others, she will begin to engage in private speech. 
D)  Kaz's social speech declines in favor of egocentric speech, in which he adapts what he says to his listeners.

Question 9

In Piaget's theory, primary circular reactions are oriented toward __________, whereas secondary circular reactions are oriented toward __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the infant's own body; the surrounding world 
B)  involuntary actions; voluntary actions 
C)  external actions; internal representations 
D)  concrete thought; abstract thought 
A)  the infant's own body; the surrounding world 
B)  involuntary actions; voluntary actions 
C)  external actions; internal representations 
D)  concrete thought; abstract thought

Question 10

Which of the following statements is supported by research on make-believe play?

Accepted Answer

A)  When adults participate, toddlers' make-believe play is more elaborate than when they play alone. 
B)  In early childhood, make-believe play often occurs with an imaginary companion. 
C)  In cultures where make-believe play occurs with older siblings rather than with mothers, the fantasy play of toddlers is hindered. 
D)  Children are more likely to combine schemes into complex sequences when engaging in make-believe play with agemates than when they are playing with caregivers. 
A)  When adults participate, toddlers' make-believe play is more elaborate than when they play alone. 
B)  In early childhood, make-believe play often occurs with an imaginary companion. 
C)  In cultures where make-believe play occurs with older siblings rather than with mothers, the fantasy play of toddlers is hindered. 
D)  Children are more likely to combine schemes into complex sequences when engaging in make-believe play with agemates than when they are playing with caregivers.

Question 11

By the time children reach age 4 or 5, they combine their play schemes with those of peers by creating and coordinating roles in

Accepted Answer

A)  sociodramatic play. 
B)  adult-directed play acting. 
C)  secondary circular reactions. 
D)  categorization of others' intentions. 
A)  sociodramatic play. 
B)  adult-directed play acting. 
C)  secondary circular reactions. 
D)  categorization of others' intentions.

Question 12

Compare Piaget's and Vygotsky's views on children's make-believe play.

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that through pretending,

Question 13

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed that

Accepted Answer

A)  language often distracts children from thinking about mental activities and behavior. 
B)  egocentric speech interferes with children's attempts at constructing knowledge. 
C)  children discover virtually all knowledge about the world through their own activity. 
D)  language provides the foundation for all higher cognitive processes. 
A)  language often distracts children from thinking about mental activities and behavior. 
B)  egocentric speech interferes with children's attempts at constructing knowledge. 
C)  children discover virtually all knowledge about the world through their own activity. 
D)  language provides the foundation for all higher cognitive processes.

Question 14

Baby Waldo is twisting and turning triangles, circles, and squares to fit them into his shape-sorter toy. According to Piaget, this behavior is best described as a __________ circular reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexive 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  tertiary 
A)  reflexive 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  tertiary

Question 15

Lester has learned how to give his dog a bath all by himself from helping his mother give the dog a bath in the past. Lester has learned this skill through

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperative learning. 
B)  intersubjectivity. 
C)  guided participation. 
D)  scaffolding. 
A)  cooperative learning. 
B)  intersubjectivity. 
C)  guided participation. 
D)  scaffolding.

Question 16

In Piaget's theory, when children are in a state of disequilibrium,

Accepted Answer

A)  their schemes become disorganized and development is temporarily stalled. 
B)  they realize that new information does not match their current schemes. 
C)  they are likely to construct inefficient schemes. 
D)  their existing schemes are not likely to change very much. 
A)  their schemes become disorganized and development is temporarily stalled. 
B)  they realize that new information does not match their current schemes. 
C)  they are likely to construct inefficient schemes. 
D)  their existing schemes are not likely to change very much.

Question 17

The most important illogical feature of preoperational thought is

Accepted Answer

A)  irreversibility. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  magical thinking. 
D)  conservation. 
A)  irreversibility. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  magical thinking. 
D)  conservation.

Question 18

Categorization helps infants learn and remember by

Accepted Answer

A)  teaching them how to group abstract stimuli. 
B)  enhancing their symbolic understanding. 
C)  reducing the enormous amount of new information they encounter every day. 
D)  pairing objects with word associations. 
A)  teaching them how to group abstract stimuli. 
B)  enhancing their symbolic understanding. 
C)  reducing the enormous amount of new information they encounter every day. 
D)  pairing objects with word associations.

Question 19

Children use current schemes to interpret their world in the process of __________, whereas __________ allows them to create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that their current way of thinking does not capture the environment completely.

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation; accommodation 
B)  adaptation; organization 
C)  adaptation; assimilation 
D)  equilibration; organization 
A)  assimilation; accommodation 
B)  adaptation; organization 
C)  adaptation; assimilation 
D)  equilibration; organization

Question 20

Discuss the limitations of preoperational thought from Piaget's point of view.

Accepted Answer

For Piaget, the most fundamental deficie

Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of infants in Piaget's sensorimotor Substage 2?

According to Piaget, children who pass class inclusion tasks

Core knowledge theorists view development as

Elementary and middle school students exposed to reciprocal teaching

People are most likely to think abstractly and systematically on tasks in which

Piaget's theory is described as a constructivist approach because he

Two-year-old Maya is building a block tower. Her father begins by pointing to where each block needs to go as Maya piles them up. As Maya's competence with the task increases, her father gradually withdraws support. This is an example of

Based on Piaget's view of children's private speech, which of the following statements is true?

In Piaget's theory, primary circular reactions are oriented toward , whereas secondary circular reactions are oriented toward .

Which of the following statements is supported by research on make-believe play?

By the time children reach age 4 or 5, they combine their play schemes with those of peers by creating and coordinating roles in

Compare Piaget's and Vygotsky's views on children's make-believe play.

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed that

Baby Waldo is twisting and turning triangles, circles, and squares to fit them into his shape-sorter toy. According to Piaget, this behavior is best described as a __________ circular reaction.

Lester has learned how to give his dog a bath all by himself from helping his mother give the dog a bath in the past. Lester has learned this skill through

In Piaget's theory, when children are in a state of disequilibrium,

The most important illogical feature of preoperational thought is

Categorization helps infants learn and remember by

Children use current schemes to interpret their world in the process of , whereas allows them to create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that their current way of thinking does not capture the environment completely.

Discuss the limitations of preoperational thought from Piaget's point of view.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 6: Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of infants in Piaget's sensorimotor Substage 2?

According to Piaget, children who pass class inclusion tasks

Core knowledge theorists view development as

Elementary and middle school students exposed to reciprocal teaching

People are most likely to think abstractly and systematically on tasks in which

Piaget's theory is described as a constructivist approach because he

Two-year-old Maya is building a block tower. Her father begins by pointing to where each block needs to go as Maya piles them up. As Maya's competence with the task increases, her father gradually withdraws support. This is an example of

Based on Piaget's view of children's private speech, which of the following statements is true?

In Piaget's theory, primary circular reactions are oriented toward __________, whereas secondary circular reactions are oriented toward __________.

Which of the following statements is supported by research on make-believe play?

By the time children reach age 4 or 5, they combine their play schemes with those of peers by creating and coordinating roles in

Compare Piaget's and Vygotsky's views on children's make-believe play.

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed that

Baby Waldo is twisting and turning triangles, circles, and squares to fit them into his shape-sorter toy. According to Piaget, this behavior is best described as a __________ circular reaction.

Lester has learned how to give his dog a bath all by himself from helping his mother give the dog a bath in the past. Lester has learned this skill through

In Piaget's theory, when children are in a state of disequilibrium,

The most important illogical feature of preoperational thought is

Categorization helps infants learn and remember by

Children use current schemes to interpret their world in the process of __________, whereas __________ allows them to create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that their current way of thinking does not capture the environment completely.

Discuss the limitations of preoperational thought from Piaget's point of view.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

In Piaget's theory, primary circular reactions are oriented toward , whereas secondary circular reactions are oriented toward .

Children use current schemes to interpret their world in the process of , whereas allows them to create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that their current way of thinking does not capture the environment completely.