Question 1

Infants in Substage 5

Accepted Answer

A)  repeat behaviors with variations. 
B)  become skilled at reaching for and manipulating objects. 
C)  use their capacity for intentional behavior to try to change events. 
D)  arrive at solutions to problems suddenly rather than through trial-and-error behavior. 
A)  repeat behaviors with variations. 
B)  become skilled at reaching for and manipulating objects. 
C)  use their capacity for intentional behavior to try to change events. 
D)  arrive at solutions to problems suddenly rather than through trial-and-error behavior.

Question 2

During a study, the experimenter tells Kerri, "Either the swan is black or it is not black." Even though Kerri has never seen a black swan, she judges this statement to be true. This is because Kerri

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot yet conserve. 
B)  is making an A-not-B error. 
C)  is engaging in propositional thought. 
D)  is egocentric. 
A)  cannot yet conserve. 
B)  is making an A-not-B error. 
C)  is engaging in propositional thought. 
D)  is egocentric.

Question 3

__________ helps explain the long hours adolescents spend inspecting every detail of their appearance and why they are so sensitive to public criticism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Propositional thought 
B)  The imaginary audience 
C)  Abstract thought 
D)  Hierarchical classification 
A)  Propositional thought 
B)  The imaginary audience 
C)  Abstract thought 
D)  Hierarchical classification

Question 4

Baby Raja accidentally pushes over a tower of blocks. Each time his sister rebuilds the tower, Raja tries to push it over. In Piaget's theory, this is an example of a __________ circular reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexive 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  tertiary 
A)  reflexive 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  tertiary

Question 5

Piaget divided the sensorimotor stage into six substages based on

Accepted Answer

A)  anecdotal evidence provided by hundreds of parents. 
B)  rigorous laboratory experiments with young children. 
C)  observations of his three children. 
D)  his research with children in French orphanages. 
A)  anecdotal evidence provided by hundreds of parents. 
B)  rigorous laboratory experiments with young children. 
C)  observations of his three children. 
D)  his research with children in French orphanages.

Question 6

A criticism of both the core knowledge perspective and Piaget's theory focuses on

Accepted Answer

A)  how they ignore children's independent efforts to construct knowledge. 
B)  their inability to explain how heredity and environment jointly produce cognitive change. 
C)  how they underestimate the cognitive competencies of children and adolescents. 
D)  their inability to account for or explain stagewise change. 
A)  how they ignore children's independent efforts to construct knowledge. 
B)  their inability to explain how heredity and environment jointly produce cognitive change. 
C)  how they underestimate the cognitive competencies of children and adolescents. 
D)  their inability to account for or explain stagewise change.

Question 7

Five-year-old Sasha is participating in Piaget's three-mountains problem. When Sasha is asked to choose the picture that shows what the display looks like from the doll's perspective, he will most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  choose the correct picture, but not be able to explain why he chose that picture. 
B)  know that the correct picture is different from his point of view, but not be sure which picture to choose. 
C)  choose the picture that shows his own point of view. 
D)  choose the correct picture and be able to explain why he chose that picture. 
A)  choose the correct picture, but not be able to explain why he chose that picture. 
B)  know that the correct picture is different from his point of view, but not be sure which picture to choose. 
C)  choose the picture that shows his own point of view. 
D)  choose the correct picture and be able to explain why he chose that picture.

Question 8

Which of the following approaches is likely to be seen in a Vygotskian classroom?

Accepted Answer

A)  opportunities for active participation 
B)  an emphasis on teacher-directed instruction 
C)  activities developed to foster peer collaboration 
D)  learning experiences designed to promote independent exploration 
A)  opportunities for active participation 
B)  an emphasis on teacher-directed instruction 
C)  activities developed to foster peer collaboration 
D)  learning experiences designed to promote independent exploration

Question 9

According to Piaget's theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  the disappearance of schemes marks the transition from sensorimotor to preoperational thought. 
B)  environmental, but not genetic, factors can affect the speed with which children move through cognitive stages. 
C)  schemes are built through interaction with adults or more skilled peers. 
D)  two processes account for the change from sensorimotor to representational schemes. 
A)  the disappearance of schemes marks the transition from sensorimotor to preoperational thought. 
B)  environmental, but not genetic, factors can affect the speed with which children move through cognitive stages. 
C)  schemes are built through interaction with adults or more skilled peers. 
D)  two processes account for the change from sensorimotor to representational schemes.

Question 10

Three-year-old Dominic calls his toy robot Sam and talks to him as if Sam is another 3-year-old. What explanation do researchers give for Dominic's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dominic actually believes that the robot is alive. 
B)  Dominic believes that all people and objects think the same thoughts that he thinks. 
C)  Dominic cannot distinguish between animate and inanimate objects. 
D)  Dominic has incomplete knowledge about certain objects, including his toy robot. 
A)  Dominic actually believes that the robot is alive. 
B)  Dominic believes that all people and objects think the same thoughts that he thinks. 
C)  Dominic cannot distinguish between animate and inanimate objects. 
D)  Dominic has incomplete knowledge about certain objects, including his toy robot.

Question 11

During a __________ task, 4-year-old Vanessa is asked whether there are more oranges or fruits in a group of two apples, three bananas, and five oranges. She will most likely say that there are more __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  class inclusion; fruits 
B)  class inclusion; oranges 
C)  conservation-of-number; fruits 
D)  conservation-of-number; oranges 
A)  class inclusion; fruits 
B)  class inclusion; oranges 
C)  conservation-of-number; fruits 
D)  conservation-of-number; oranges

Question 12

Once young people enter the formal operational stage, they are able to systematically isolate and combine variables to see which of these inferences are confirmed in the real world through

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothetico-deductive reasoning. 
B)  animistic thinking. 
C)  transitive inference. 
D)  analogical problem solving. 
A)  hypothetico-deductive reasoning. 
B)  animistic thinking. 
C)  transitive inference. 
D)  analogical problem solving.

Question 13

Baby Pedro has combined his reaching, grasping, and sucking schemes into one higher-order scheme that allows him to reach for his pacifier and put it into his mouth to suck. In Piaget's theory, this achievement is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  organization. 
D)  adaptation. 
A)  accommodation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  organization. 
D)  adaptation.

Question 14

In Piaget's theory, adaptation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the back-and-forth movement between equilibration and disequilibration. 
B)  the process of building schemes through direct interaction with the environment. 
C)  a rearrangement and linking together of schemes. 
D)  a steady, comfortable cognitive state. 
A)  the back-and-forth movement between equilibration and disequilibration. 
B)  the process of building schemes through direct interaction with the environment. 
C)  a rearrangement and linking together of schemes. 
D)  a steady, comfortable cognitive state.

Question 15

Adolescents are able to ponder the concepts of justice and freedom because they have developed

Accepted Answer

A)  a moral code. 
B)  verbal reasoning about abstract concepts. 
C)  idealism and egocentric decision making. 
D)  the ability to delay gratification. 
A)  a moral code. 
B)  verbal reasoning about abstract concepts. 
C)  idealism and egocentric decision making. 
D)  the ability to delay gratification.

Question 16

Piaget's belief that infants and young children must act on the environment to revise their thinking is

Accepted Answer

A)  widely accepted by contemporary researchers. 
B)  too broad a notion of how learning takes place. 
C)  too narrow a notion of how learning takes place. 
D)  a major contribution to early intervention research. 
A)  widely accepted by contemporary researchers. 
B)  too broad a notion of how learning takes place. 
C)  too narrow a notion of how learning takes place. 
D)  a major contribution to early intervention research.

Question 17

Which of the following helps to explain why preoperational children's thinking keeps them from being able to understand the idea of conservation?

Accepted Answer

A)  They tend to spend too much time on reversibility, or mentally reversing the steps in a problem back to the starting point. 
B)  They tend to focus more on the dynamic transformation of a situation without giving adequate attention to beginning and ending states. 
C)  They have a significant grasp on the idea that appearances can change without changing the fundamental characteristics of the situation. 
D)  Their understanding is characterized by centration in which they focus on one aspect of the situation while ignoring other important features. 
A)  They tend to spend too much time on reversibility, or mentally reversing the steps in a problem back to the starting point. 
B)  They tend to focus more on the dynamic transformation of a situation without giving adequate attention to beginning and ending states. 
C)  They have a significant grasp on the idea that appearances can change without changing the fundamental characteristics of the situation. 
D)  Their understanding is characterized by centration in which they focus on one aspect of the situation while ignoring other important features.

Infants in Substage 5

During a study, the experimenter tells Kerri, "Either the swan is black or it is not black." Even though Kerri has never seen a black swan, she judges this statement to be true. This is because Kerri

__________ helps explain the long hours adolescents spend inspecting every detail of their appearance and why they are so sensitive to public criticism.

Baby Raja accidentally pushes over a tower of blocks. Each time his sister rebuilds the tower, Raja tries to push it over. In Piaget's theory, this is an example of a __________ circular reaction.

Piaget divided the sensorimotor stage into six substages based on

A criticism of both the core knowledge perspective and Piaget's theory focuses on

Five-year-old Sasha is participating in Piaget's three-mountains problem. When Sasha is asked to choose the picture that shows what the display looks like from the doll's perspective, he will most likely

Which of the following approaches is likely to be seen in a Vygotskian classroom?

According to Piaget's theory,

Three-year-old Dominic calls his toy robot Sam and talks to him as if Sam is another 3-year-old. What explanation do researchers give for Dominic's behavior?

During a task, 4-year-old Vanessa is asked whether there are more oranges or fruits in a group of two apples, three bananas, and five oranges. She will most likely say that there are more .

Once young people enter the formal operational stage, they are able to systematically isolate and combine variables to see which of these inferences are confirmed in the real world through

Baby Pedro has combined his reaching, grasping, and sucking schemes into one higher-order scheme that allows him to reach for his pacifier and put it into his mouth to suck. In Piaget's theory, this achievement is an example of

In Piaget's theory, adaptation refers to

Adolescents are able to ponder the concepts of justice and freedom because they have developed

Piaget's belief that infants and young children must act on the environment to revise their thinking is

Which of the following helps to explain why preoperational children's thinking keeps them from being able to understand the idea of conservation?

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 6: Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Infants in Substage 5

During a study, the experimenter tells Kerri, "Either the swan is black or it is not black." Even though Kerri has never seen a black swan, she judges this statement to be true. This is because Kerri

__________ helps explain the long hours adolescents spend inspecting every detail of their appearance and why they are so sensitive to public criticism.

Baby Raja accidentally pushes over a tower of blocks. Each time his sister rebuilds the tower, Raja tries to push it over. In Piaget's theory, this is an example of a __________ circular reaction.

Piaget divided the sensorimotor stage into six substages based on

A criticism of both the core knowledge perspective and Piaget's theory focuses on

Five-year-old Sasha is participating in Piaget's three-mountains problem. When Sasha is asked to choose the picture that shows what the display looks like from the doll's perspective, he will most likely

Which of the following approaches is likely to be seen in a Vygotskian classroom?

According to Piaget's theory,

Three-year-old Dominic calls his toy robot Sam and talks to him as if Sam is another 3-year-old. What explanation do researchers give for Dominic's behavior?

During a __________ task, 4-year-old Vanessa is asked whether there are more oranges or fruits in a group of two apples, three bananas, and five oranges. She will most likely say that there are more __________.

Once young people enter the formal operational stage, they are able to systematically isolate and combine variables to see which of these inferences are confirmed in the real world through

Baby Pedro has combined his reaching, grasping, and sucking schemes into one higher-order scheme that allows him to reach for his pacifier and put it into his mouth to suck. In Piaget's theory, this achievement is an example of

In Piaget's theory, adaptation refers to

Adolescents are able to ponder the concepts of justice and freedom because they have developed

Piaget's belief that infants and young children must act on the environment to revise their thinking is

Which of the following helps to explain why preoperational children's thinking keeps them from being able to understand the idea of conservation?

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

During a task, 4-year-old Vanessa is asked whether there are more oranges or fruits in a group of two apples, three bananas, and five oranges. She will most likely say that there are more .