Question 1

Around the first birthday, the symbolic capacity called "displaced reference" emerges, which allows toddlers to

Accepted Answer

A)  use abstract thought to solve problems. 
B)  form initial mental representations that can be used to evaluate further information. 
C)  categorize objects on the basis of their physical attributes. 
D)  recognize that words can be used to cue mental images of things not physically present. 
A)  use abstract thought to solve problems. 
B)  form initial mental representations that can be used to evaluate further information. 
C)  categorize objects on the basis of their physical attributes. 
D)  recognize that words can be used to cue mental images of things not physically present.

Question 2

Ten-year-old Delaney is helping her dad put new shingles on her playhouse in the backyard. Her dad asks her to put the shingles in order from longest to shortest so that he can vary the start of each row. She is able to do this because she

Accepted Answer

A)  can think abstractly. 
B)  can perform seriation tasks. 
C)  understands dual representation. 
D)  understands conservation. 
A)  can think abstractly. 
B)  can perform seriation tasks. 
C)  understands dual representation. 
D)  understands conservation.

Question 3

Baby Lakota is shown a ball that is then hidden under a cover. What must Lakota do to retrieve the ball?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lakota will need to recall the location of the ball. 
B)  Lakota must coordinate "pushing aside" and "grasping" schemes to retrieve the ball. 
C)  Lakota will not be able to retrieve the ball until she is in Substage 6 of the sensorimotor period. 
D)  Lakota will have trouble retrieving the ball until she no longer makes the A-not-B error. 
A)  Lakota will need to recall the location of the ball. 
B)  Lakota must coordinate "pushing aside" and "grasping" schemes to retrieve the ball. 
C)  Lakota will not be able to retrieve the ball until she is in Substage 6 of the sensorimotor period. 
D)  Lakota will have trouble retrieving the ball until she no longer makes the A-not-B error.

Question 4

According to Piaget, a form of egocentrism emerges during the formal operational stage in which adolescents have difficulty

Accepted Answer

A)  distinguishing their own and others' perspectives. 
B)  with day-to-day decision making. 
C)  comparing the merit of their accomplishments with that of others. 
D)  establishing a sense of self that is independent from their parents. 
A)  distinguishing their own and others' perspectives. 
B)  with day-to-day decision making. 
C)  comparing the merit of their accomplishments with that of others. 
D)  establishing a sense of self that is independent from their parents.

Question 5

When his friend's mom asks him if he wants a ride home from baseball practice, Pele gives her directions using a __________ that helps him imagine the mom's movements along the route she needs to take between the baseball field and Pele's house.

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation technique 
B)  "mental walk" strategy 
C)  "decentration" method 
D)  transitive inference strategy 
A)  conservation technique 
B)  "mental walk" strategy 
C)  "decentration" method 
D)  transitive inference strategy

Question 6

According to Piaget, when children first mentally represent the world, they

Accepted Answer

A)  exhibit thinking that is unlimited and flexible. 
B)  are adept at forming mental representations of actions that obey logical rules. 
C)  assume that others perceive, think, and feel the same way they do. 
D)  are especially adept at distinguishing other people's symbolic viewpoints from their own. 
A)  exhibit thinking that is unlimited and flexible. 
B)  are adept at forming mental representations of actions that obey logical rules. 
C)  assume that others perceive, think, and feel the same way they do. 
D)  are especially adept at distinguishing other people's symbolic viewpoints from their own.

Question 7

Describe the core knowledge perspective of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

According to the core knowledge perspect

Question 8

In Piaget's theory, children use organization to

Accepted Answer

A)  build schemes through direct interaction with the environment. 
B)  adjust old schemes and create new ones to fit with the environment. 
C)  accommodate the back-and-forth movement between cognitive equilibration and disequilibration. 
D)  internally rearrange and link schemes to create a strongly interconnected cognitive system. 
A)  build schemes through direct interaction with the environment. 
B)  adjust old schemes and create new ones to fit with the environment. 
C)  accommodate the back-and-forth movement between cognitive equilibration and disequilibration. 
D)  internally rearrange and link schemes to create a strongly interconnected cognitive system.

Question 9

According to the core knowledge perspective, physical and numerical knowledge

Accepted Answer

A)  permitted our ancestors to secure food and other resources from the environment. 
B)  does not emerge until children start formal schooling. 
C)  helps children understand people as agents who have mental states that influence their behavior. 
D)  helps children understand certain bodily processes, such as birth, growth, illness, and death. 
A)  permitted our ancestors to secure food and other resources from the environment. 
B)  does not emerge until children start formal schooling. 
C)  helps children understand people as agents who have mental states that influence their behavior. 
D)  helps children understand certain bodily processes, such as birth, growth, illness, and death.

Question 10

Elena can mentally represent her neighborhood and describe the space to others. Elena's mental representation of her neighborhood is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  a cognitive map. 
B)  propositional thought. 
C)  reasoning by analogy. 
D)  an organized route of travel. 
A)  a cognitive map. 
B)  propositional thought. 
C)  reasoning by analogy. 
D)  an organized route of travel.

Question 11

Baillargeon's violation-of-expectation studies provided evidence that infants have some knowledge of object permanence

Accepted Answer

A)  between 1½ and 2½ months. 
B)  between 2½ and 3½ months. 
C)  no earlier than 6 months. 
D)  after 12 months. 
A)  between 1½ and 2½ months. 
B)  between 2½ and 3½ months. 
C)  no earlier than 6 months. 
D)  after 12 months.

Question 12

Describe Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development, including follow-up research on Piaget's ideas.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, specific psychologi

Question 13

According to Piaget, preschoolers' thinking is

Accepted Answer

A)  flexible. 
B)  rigid. 
C)  abstract. 
D)  nonverbal. 
A)  flexible. 
B)  rigid. 
C)  abstract. 
D)  nonverbal.

Question 14

In watching two children, Wiley, who is in the concrete operational stage, and Abby, who is in the formal operational stage, solve Piaget's pendulum problem, what difference would be evident?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both Wiley and Abby will use similar strategies to solve the problem. 
B)  Wiley will systematically test alternative hypotheses. 
C)  Abby will intuitively solve the problem without experimentation. 
D)  Abby will systematically test alternative hypotheses. 
A)  Both Wiley and Abby will use similar strategies to solve the problem. 
B)  Wiley will systematically test alternative hypotheses. 
C)  Abby will intuitively solve the problem without experimentation. 
D)  Abby will systematically test alternative hypotheses.

Question 15

Research indicates that children's cognitive immaturity

Accepted Answer

A)  results from overstimulation during infancy and toddlerhood. 
B)  results from a lack of stimulation. 
C)  hinders their mastery of basic academic skills. 
D)  may be adaptive. 
A)  results from overstimulation during infancy and toddlerhood. 
B)  results from a lack of stimulation. 
C)  hinders their mastery of basic academic skills. 
D)  may be adaptive.

Question 16

Toddlers' ability to represent others' intentions

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs later than Piaget predicted. 
B)  requires the refinement of reflexive schemes. 
C)  seems to have roots in earlier sensorimotor activity. 
D)  leads to gains in categorization. 
A)  occurs later than Piaget predicted. 
B)  requires the refinement of reflexive schemes. 
C)  seems to have roots in earlier sensorimotor activity. 
D)  leads to gains in categorization.

Question 17

Some critics of the violation-of-expectation method

Accepted Answer

A)  believe that it indicates a conscious awareness of physical events rather than a limited understanding. 
B)  argue that wide individual differences in recovery times exist. 
C)  believe that it indicates limited, implicit awareness of physical events rather than conscious understanding. 
D)  argue that it is an inappropriate task to use with very young infants. 
A)  believe that it indicates a conscious awareness of physical events rather than a limited understanding. 
B)  argue that wide individual differences in recovery times exist. 
C)  believe that it indicates limited, implicit awareness of physical events rather than conscious understanding. 
D)  argue that it is an inappropriate task to use with very young infants.

Question 18

Axel, who is younger than age 10, will have difficulty reasoning from premises that contradict reality or his own beliefs because he is not yet able to

Accepted Answer

A)  analyze the logic of propositions in situations in which he has had extensive experience. 
B)  grasp the logical necessity of propositional thought. 
C)  recognize symbolic objects as both objects and symbols. 
D)  apply his problem-solving strategies. 
A)  analyze the logic of propositions in situations in which he has had extensive experience. 
B)  grasp the logical necessity of propositional thought. 
C)  recognize symbolic objects as both objects and symbols. 
D)  apply his problem-solving strategies.

Question 19

According to Piaget, tertiary circular reactions include

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to find a hidden object that has been moved while out of sight. 
B)  deferred imitation and private speech. 
C)  the ability to search in several locations for a hidden object. 
D)  make-believe play and social speech. 
A)  the ability to find a hidden object that has been moved while out of sight. 
B)  deferred imitation and private speech. 
C)  the ability to search in several locations for a hidden object. 
D)  make-believe play and social speech.

Question 20

Because of __________, preschoolers are only able to draw figures in their simplest forms.

Accepted Answer

A)  limited adult instruction 
B)  a lack of motivation 
C)  an inability to form detailed mental representations 
D)  fine-motor and cognitive limitations 
A)  limited adult instruction 
B)  a lack of motivation 
C)  an inability to form detailed mental representations 
D)  fine-motor and cognitive limitations

Around the first birthday, the symbolic capacity called "displaced reference" emerges, which allows toddlers to

Ten-year-old Delaney is helping her dad put new shingles on her playhouse in the backyard. Her dad asks her to put the shingles in order from longest to shortest so that he can vary the start of each row. She is able to do this because she

Baby Lakota is shown a ball that is then hidden under a cover. What must Lakota do to retrieve the ball?

According to Piaget, a form of egocentrism emerges during the formal operational stage in which adolescents have difficulty

When his friend's mom asks him if he wants a ride home from baseball practice, Pele gives her directions using a __________ that helps him imagine the mom's movements along the route she needs to take between the baseball field and Pele's house.

According to Piaget, when children first mentally represent the world, they

Describe the core knowledge perspective of cognitive development.

In Piaget's theory, children use organization to

According to the core knowledge perspective, physical and numerical knowledge

Elena can mentally represent her neighborhood and describe the space to others. Elena's mental representation of her neighborhood is known as

Baillargeon's violation-of-expectation studies provided evidence that infants have some knowledge of object permanence

Describe Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development, including follow-up research on Piaget's ideas.

According to Piaget, preschoolers' thinking is

In watching two children, Wiley, who is in the concrete operational stage, and Abby, who is in the formal operational stage, solve Piaget's pendulum problem, what difference would be evident?

Research indicates that children's cognitive immaturity

Toddlers' ability to represent others' intentions

Some critics of the violation-of-expectation method

Axel, who is younger than age 10, will have difficulty reasoning from premises that contradict reality or his own beliefs because he is not yet able to

According to Piaget, tertiary circular reactions include

Because of __________, preschoolers are only able to draw figures in their simplest forms.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 6: Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Around the first birthday, the symbolic capacity called "displaced reference" emerges, which allows toddlers to

Ten-year-old Delaney is helping her dad put new shingles on her playhouse in the backyard. Her dad asks her to put the shingles in order from longest to shortest so that he can vary the start of each row. She is able to do this because she

Baby Lakota is shown a ball that is then hidden under a cover. What must Lakota do to retrieve the ball?

According to Piaget, a form of egocentrism emerges during the formal operational stage in which adolescents have difficulty

When his friend's mom asks him if he wants a ride home from baseball practice, Pele gives her directions using a __________ that helps him imagine the mom's movements along the route she needs to take between the baseball field and Pele's house.

According to Piaget, when children first mentally represent the world, they

Describe the core knowledge perspective of cognitive development.

In Piaget's theory, children use organization to

According to the core knowledge perspective, physical and numerical knowledge

Elena can mentally represent her neighborhood and describe the space to others. Elena's mental representation of her neighborhood is known as

Baillargeon's violation-of-expectation studies provided evidence that infants have some knowledge of object permanence

Describe Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development, including follow-up research on Piaget's ideas.

According to Piaget, preschoolers' thinking is

In watching two children, Wiley, who is in the concrete operational stage, and Abby, who is in the formal operational stage, solve Piaget's pendulum problem, what difference would be evident?

Research indicates that children's cognitive immaturity

Toddlers' ability to represent others' intentions

Some critics of the violation-of-expectation method

Axel, who is younger than age 10, will have difficulty reasoning from premises that contradict reality or his own beliefs because he is not yet able to

According to Piaget, tertiary circular reactions include

Because of __________, preschoolers are only able to draw figures in their simplest forms.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters