Question 1

Theresa is in a period of the most energetic development of her executive function. What is her age range?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is in the preschool years. 
B)  She is in her school years. 
C)  She is in late adolescence. 
D)  She is an emerging adult. 
A)  She is in the preschool years. 
B)  She is in her school years. 
C)  She is in late adolescence. 
D)  She is an emerging adult.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true regarding fuzzy-trace theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gist memories decay more rapidly than verbatim memories. 
B)  Gist memory requires more mental effort than verbatim memory. 
C)  Children under the age of 5 show little ability to answer verbatim-dependent questions. 
D)  School-aged children are better able than preschoolers at answering gist-dependent questions. 
A)  Gist memories decay more rapidly than verbatim memories. 
B)  Gist memory requires more mental effort than verbatim memory. 
C)  Children under the age of 5 show little ability to answer verbatim-dependent questions. 
D)  School-aged children are better able than preschoolers at answering gist-dependent questions.

Question 3

Describe how memory strategies develop, and explain how cultural circumstances influence memory performance.

Accepted Answer

As attention improves, so do memory stra

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true regarding working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Working memory is the conscious, reflective part of our mental system. 
B)  The capacity of working memory is far more restricted than that of the sensory register. 
C)  Most school-age children can hold 10 to 12 items in their working memory. 
D)  The capacity of working memory is far greater than that of the long-term memory store. 
A)  Working memory is the conscious, reflective part of our mental system. 
B)  The capacity of working memory is far more restricted than that of the sensory register. 
C)  Most school-age children can hold 10 to 12 items in their working memory. 
D)  The capacity of working memory is far greater than that of the long-term memory store.

Question 5

Compared with the United States, math lessons in Asian classrooms

Accepted Answer

A)  devote less time to exploring math concepts and strategies and more to drill and repetition. 
B)  devote more time to exploring math concepts and strategies and less to drill and repetition. 
C)  are taught over and over again so that all students master the content. 
D)  are geared more toward girls than boys, since girls need extra support to master the content. 
A)  devote less time to exploring math concepts and strategies and more to drill and repetition. 
B)  devote more time to exploring math concepts and strategies and less to drill and repetition. 
C)  are taught over and over again so that all students master the content. 
D)  are geared more toward girls than boys, since girls need extra support to master the content.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about young children and planning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even when young children do plan, they succeed only on tasks with a small number of steps. 
B)  Planning places heavy demands on long-term memory skills. 
C)  Children's working memory is better equipped to monitor the success of each step if they have not encountered the problem before. 
D)  By age 3, children are able to plan effectively. 
A)  Even when young children do plan, they succeed only on tasks with a small number of steps. 
B)  Planning places heavy demands on long-term memory skills. 
C)  Children's working memory is better equipped to monitor the success of each step if they have not encountered the problem before. 
D)  By age 3, children are able to plan effectively.

Question 7

Which of the following statements or questions is most likely to be used by a legal professional to increase children's accurate reporting?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You're doing great." 
B)  "She took your clothes off, didn't she?" 
C)  "You said there was a man. Was he tall and scary looking?" 
D)  "Tell me what happened." 
A)  "You're doing great." 
B)  "She took your clothes off, didn't she?" 
C)  "You said there was a man. Was he tall and scary looking?" 
D)  "Tell me what happened."

Question 8

Which of the following three deficiencies precede children's effective strategy use in attentional and memory tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  minimal, location, and relevance deficiencies 
B)  optimization, process, and categorization deficiencies 
C)  relevant, selective, and object deficiencies 
D)  production, control, and utilization deficiencies 
A)  minimal, location, and relevance deficiencies 
B)  optimization, process, and categorization deficiencies 
C)  relevant, selective, and object deficiencies 
D)  production, control, and utilization deficiencies

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true regarding metacognitive knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children younger than age 6 pay attention to the process of thinking rather than the outcomes of thought. 
B)  Children use private speech to help them acquire academic skills. 
C)  Children typically rate "good" reasoning as based on weighing of possibilities and gathering of evidence. 
D)  Children who use private speech during difficult tasks rarely execute effective mental strategies. 
A)  Children younger than age 6 pay attention to the process of thinking rather than the outcomes of thought. 
B)  Children use private speech to help them acquire academic skills. 
C)  Children typically rate "good" reasoning as based on weighing of possibilities and gathering of evidence. 
D)  Children who use private speech during difficult tasks rarely execute effective mental strategies.

Question 10

Emergent literacy refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the automatic retrieval of word meanings in long-term memory during reading and writing tasks. 
B)  children's active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences. 
C)  a method of reading instruction that parallels children's natural language learning. 
D)  an approach to beginning reading instruction that emphasizes phonics. 
A)  the automatic retrieval of word meanings in long-term memory during reading and writing tasks. 
B)  children's active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences. 
C)  a method of reading instruction that parallels children's natural language learning. 
D)  an approach to beginning reading instruction that emphasizes phonics.

Question 11

According to Case, __________ impose(s) a systemwide ceiling on cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasticity 
B)  biology 
C)  environmental influences 
D)  children's mental strategies 
A)  plasticity 
B)  biology 
C)  environmental influences 
D)  children's mental strategies

Question 12

Eight-year-old Akemi needs to memorize names of the continents and the oceans. She makes a list and keeps repeating the information to herself. Akemi is using the strategy of

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieval. 
B)  organization. 
C)  elaboration. 
D)  rehearsal. 
A)  retrieval. 
B)  organization. 
C)  elaboration. 
D)  rehearsal.

Question 13

Explain how the development of information processing affects children's mastery of academic skills.

Accepted Answer

Reading makes use of many skills at once

Question 14

Cassandra's working-memory capacity is enhanced following age-related gains in her

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognition. 
B)  ability to scaffold. 
C)  processing speed. 
D)  cognitive self-regulation. 
A)  metacognition. 
B)  ability to scaffold. 
C)  processing speed. 
D)  cognitive self-regulation.

Question 15

Which of the following strategies promotes children's cognitive self-regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Encourage children to check progress toward their learning goals through self-monitoring. 
B)  Administer a mental test and show children their scores. 
C)  Assign age-appropriate tasks to children and then compare their performance to their agemates' performance. 
D)  Parents and teachers cannot foster self-regulation; children must attain this independently. 
A)  Encourage children to check progress toward their learning goals through self-monitoring. 
B)  Administer a mental test and show children their scores. 
C)  Assign age-appropriate tasks to children and then compare their performance to their agemates' performance. 
D)  Parents and teachers cannot foster self-regulation; children must attain this independently.

Question 16

Educators who advocate a phonics approach to reading argue that

Accepted Answer

A)  children should be coached on the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds before being given complex reading material. 
B)  from the beginning, children should be exposed to text in its complete form. 
C)  reading should be taught in a way that parallels natural-language learning. 
D)  as long as reading is kept whole and meaningful, children will be motivated to discover the specific skills they need. 
A)  children should be coached on the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds before being given complex reading material. 
B)  from the beginning, children should be exposed to text in its complete form. 
C)  reading should be taught in a way that parallels natural-language learning. 
D)  as long as reading is kept whole and meaningful, children will be motivated to discover the specific skills they need.

Question 17

Children who are skilled at cognitive inhibition have the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  produce a variety of strategies when faced with a novel task. 
B)  control internal and external distracting stimuli. 
C)  continuously monitor progress toward a goal, checking outcomes and redirecting unsuccessful efforts. 
D)  think out a sequence of acts and allocate attention accordingly to reach a goal. 
A)  produce a variety of strategies when faced with a novel task. 
B)  control internal and external distracting stimuli. 
C)  continuously monitor progress toward a goal, checking outcomes and redirecting unsuccessful efforts. 
D)  think out a sequence of acts and allocate attention accordingly to reach a goal.

Question 18

Long-term memory

Accepted Answer

A)  stores information temporarily. 
B)  is the conscious part of the cognitive system. 
C)  is unlimited in capacity. 
D)  directs the flow of information in the cognitive system. 
A)  stores information temporarily. 
B)  is the conscious part of the cognitive system. 
C)  is unlimited in capacity. 
D)  directs the flow of information in the cognitive system.

Question 19

Cross-cultural research on memory reveals that

Accepted Answer

A)  children in non-Western cultures who have no formal schooling benefit greatly from instruction in memory strategies. 
B)  children who have no formal schooling do as well on list memory tasks as formally educated children. 
C)  the development of memory strategies is partly a product of task demands and cultural circumstances. 
D)  American children easily refrain from rehearsing object names when it is more effective to keep track of spatial relations. 
A)  children in non-Western cultures who have no formal schooling benefit greatly from instruction in memory strategies. 
B)  children who have no formal schooling do as well on list memory tasks as formally educated children. 
C)  the development of memory strategies is partly a product of task demands and cultural circumstances. 
D)  American children easily refrain from rehearsing object names when it is more effective to keep track of spatial relations.

Question 20

According to fuzzy-trace theory, we have a bias toward gist memory compared to literal versions because it

Accepted Answer

A)  interferes with cognitive processing. 
B)  decays more rapidly. 
C)  requires less space in working memory. 
D)  is less likely to undergo constructive processing. 
A)  interferes with cognitive processing. 
B)  decays more rapidly. 
C)  requires less space in working memory. 
D)  is less likely to undergo constructive processing.

Theresa is in a period of the most energetic development of her executive function. What is her age range?

Which of the following statements is true regarding fuzzy-trace theory?

Describe how memory strategies develop, and explain how cultural circumstances influence memory performance.

Which of the following statements is true regarding working memory?

Compared with the United States, math lessons in Asian classrooms

Which of the following statements is true about young children and planning?

Which of the following statements or questions is most likely to be used by a legal professional to increase children's accurate reporting?

Which of the following three deficiencies precede children's effective strategy use in attentional and memory tasks?

Which of the following statements is true regarding metacognitive knowledge?

Emergent literacy refers to

According to Case, __________ impose(s) a systemwide ceiling on cognitive development.

Eight-year-old Akemi needs to memorize names of the continents and the oceans. She makes a list and keeps repeating the information to herself. Akemi is using the strategy of

Explain how the development of information processing affects children's mastery of academic skills.

Cassandra's working-memory capacity is enhanced following age-related gains in her

Which of the following strategies promotes children's cognitive self-regulation?

Educators who advocate a phonics approach to reading argue that

Children who are skilled at cognitive inhibition have the ability to

Long-term memory

Cross-cultural research on memory reveals that

According to fuzzy-trace theory, we have a bias toward gist memory compared to literal versions because it

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 7: Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Theresa is in a period of the most energetic development of her executive function. What is her age range?

Which of the following statements is true regarding fuzzy-trace theory?

Describe how memory strategies develop, and explain how cultural circumstances influence memory performance.

Which of the following statements is true regarding working memory?

Compared with the United States, math lessons in Asian classrooms

Which of the following statements is true about young children and planning?

Which of the following statements or questions is most likely to be used by a legal professional to increase children's accurate reporting?

Which of the following three deficiencies precede children's effective strategy use in attentional and memory tasks?

Which of the following statements is true regarding metacognitive knowledge?

Emergent literacy refers to

According to Case, __________ impose(s) a systemwide ceiling on cognitive development.

Eight-year-old Akemi needs to memorize names of the continents and the oceans. She makes a list and keeps repeating the information to herself. Akemi is using the strategy of

Explain how the development of information processing affects children's mastery of academic skills.

Cassandra's working-memory capacity is enhanced following age-related gains in her

Which of the following strategies promotes children's cognitive self-regulation?

Educators who advocate a phonics approach to reading argue that

Children who are skilled at cognitive inhibition have the ability to

Long-term memory

Cross-cultural research on memory reveals that

According to fuzzy-trace theory, we have a bias toward gist memory compared to literal versions because it

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters